water pollution

Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, householdand environmental activities.agricultural industrialhouseholdenvironmental

Water is found in many places on earth About 70% of the Earth surface is covered with water, and most of that is the ocean Only a small portion of the Earth's water is freshwater, which is found in, rivers, lakesrivers,lakes Groundwate Freshwater is needed for drinking, farming, and washing. In addition to liquid water, water is also present on Earth in the form of ice.

What is water pollution? Water pollution means that some damage has been done to an ocean, river, lake, or other water source

Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives (in) it. When humans drink polluted water it often has serious effects on their health. Water pollution can also make water unsuited for the desired use.

Kinds of Water Pollution Inorganic Pollutants Examples: Radionuclides Phosphorus, nitrogen Other heavy metals Organic Pollutants oil, plastics and pesticides disposal of human wastes, and dead plants and animals. Biologic Pollutants bacteria, viruses, protozoans and worms

What are the sources of water pollution? Some of the main contributors to water pollution are: Factories Waste treatment facilities Mining Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers Human sewage Oil spills Soap from washing your car Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars Household chemicals Animal waste Many of the chemical substances are toxic

sewage often causes problems when people flush chemical and pharmaceutical substances down the toilet. When people are ill, sewage often carries harmful viruses and bacteria into the environment causing health problems.

Pollutants from industrial sources include: Asbestos Mercury Nitrates Phosphates Sulphur Oils

Water pollution may analyzed through several broad categoriesof methods: Water pollution may be analyzed through several broad categories of methods: physical, chemical and biological

Physical Testing Common physical tests of water include temperature, solids concentration like total suspended solids TSS and turbidity. Chemical Testing Frequently used methods include pH, biochemical oxygen demand BOD,biochemical oxygen demand chemical oxygen demand COD,chemical oxygen demand Nutrients compounds, nitrate and phosphorusnitratephosphorus metals including copper, zinc, mercurycopperzincmercury Biological Testing Biological testing involves the use of plant, animal, and/or microbial indicators to monitor the health of an aquatic ecosystem.

Some parameres that can be measured are Dissolved oxygen (DO) The DO test measures the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. Oxygen is essential for both plants and animals, but high levels in water can be harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms. Water temperature pH A pH test measures the alkalinity or acidity concentration in water. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic or alkaline. Escherichia coli (E. coli) E. coli is a type of l coliform bacteria that comes from human and animal waste. The Enivronmental Protection Agency uses E. coli measurements to determine whether fresh water is safe for recreation. Disease-causing bacteria, viruses and protozoans may be present in water that has elevated levels of E. coli.

Aim…. To determine the PH of given water sampels Principles…….. PH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water.activities add pollutions to water bodies thereby altering itsPH.which will directly affect the organism

Material Water samples from different sources Glass bottles Universal indicator or PHmeter Beaker

Procedure Transfer 20-30ml of water sample in a beaker Test ph with an indicator or PH meter Tabulate the results Nature Of sample PH recorded Water samples.no

Aim…..to determine the total solids of a given sample Materials: Evaporating dish Hot air oven Water bath Desiccator These are the measure of the amounts of all kind of solids –suspended-disolved..etc

Procedure Take an evaporating dish or beaker Dry it and weigh till constant weight(w1) Put 250 ml of unfiltered well shaken water sample in it and evaprate on a water bath. Dry it in an oven at 105°cfor 1 hour. Cool in desiccators and final weight (w2)

Results W1……initial weight W2……final weight V….volume of sample evaporated Calculate total solids… Total solids(ts)=w2-w1×1000×1000 ________________ v