PH 401 Dr. Cecilia Vogel
Review Outline Time evolution Finding Stationary states barriers Eigenvalues and physical values Energy Operator Stationary States
Time Independent Schrödinger Equation Solutions are stationary states, energy eigenstates Any state can be written in terms of stationary states: (x,0)= a n n (x) (x,t)= a n n (x)e -iE n t/ Predict the future! But first need all the stationary states…
Two dichotomies A region of space can be classically allowed (CA) or classically forbidden (CF) demo CA means E>V(x) in that region CF means E<V(x)in that region A particle can be bound or unbound If the regions including +infinity are CF, particle is bound. If the regions including +infinity are CA, particle is unbound.
Step barrier particle with energy E>Vo incident from the left Solutions to TISE:
Step barrier continuity A 1 + B 1 = A 2 k 1 A 1 - k 1 B 1 =k 2 A 2 So… A 1 =(1+k 2 /k 1 )(A 2 /2) B 1 =(1-k 2 /k 1 ) (A 2 /2) One unknown is undetermined would be found by normalization if it were normalizable!
Step barrier transmission and reflection A2 is the amplitude for being transmitted into region 2, compare to amplitude in region 1: T=|A 2 /A 1 | 2 T=[2k 1 /(k 1 +k 2 )] 2 T=1-R R=[(k 1 -k 2 )/(k 1 +k 2 )] 2 R=[(sqE-sq(E-V))/(sqE+sq(E-V))] 2 R is not zero. The particle might be REFLECTED! By a CA barrier!! What??
Tunneling particle with energy E<Vo incident from the left Solutions to TISE:
Tunneling continuity A 1 +B 1 =A 2 +B 2 ik 1 A 1 - ik 1 B 1 = K 2 A 2 - K 2 B 2 A 2 e K2a +B 2 e -K2a = A 3 e ik1a K 2 A 2 e K2a - K 2 B 2 e -K2a = ik 1 A 3 e ik1a
Tunneling probability Tunneling into region 3: T=|A3/A1| 2 T=[1+(V 2 /4E(V-E))sinh 2 (K 2 a)] -1 If K 2 a>>1, then sinh(K 2 a) approx e K2a