© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Introduction to Finance for start-ups 12 October 2010 Jonathan Gold Confidentiality Statement: Please note that this document or presentation is and remains the property of Finance Tree. We will enforce our copyright to all material. Reproduction or use of this material is only permitted with prior written consent of Finance Tree ltd.

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Finance Tree works with businesses to help them understand the needs of investors and find the right investment NStar Corporate Finance established 2006 Finance and Business launched 2008 (April) Management Buyout and creation of Finance Tree 2009 (April) created Rivers Capital Partners 2010 Managers of the £7.5m North East Angel Fund investments 4 follow-on £1.8m <£700,000 additional cash

© Finance Tree ltd,

No free lunch…money costs Banks Grants Other lenders (ie: UK Steel Enterprise… NESTA) FFF Venture Capital / Business Angels Sales !!

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Money costs money … part 2 Accountants CORPORATE FINANCE SPECIALISTS Legal advisors Non-exec directors Brokers, banks…

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Venture Capital / Private Equity… “Private Equity is medium to long-term finance provided in return for an equity stake in potentially high growth unquoted companies”. Source: British Venture Capital Association (BVCA) 2005 NB: Almost all are… FSA regulated collective investment schemes…

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Sources of capital of capital

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Venture capital is often a crucial element in… Getting a new business going Start-up Funding a step-change in the business Rapid organic growth or M&A Effecting a change of management or control Buy-in / buy-out / public-to-private Funding long-term development pre-revenue Typically high technology – eg: biotechnology, electronics

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Finance for Business North East Funds £25m £15m £7.5m £20m

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 The investment model Time … since investment Investment in… Generating £ cash… Sale of company… or “exit “ Development & early sales (losses…) …10x return in 5 yrs

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Statistics of VC portfolios… 10 Investments 4 Fail 4 Living dead 2 Stars

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Why bother? VC should add real value to your business Recruitment of the senior team and suitable NXDs Extending your contact base of customers/partners Assisting the business to enter new markets Providing support on complex deals (eg: acquisitions) Acting as a friendly outsider in strategy debates Securing additional funding & negotiation of exits

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 So is there a downside? Lose some control – –there will be another owner of your business VC will normally want a seat on your Board Full transparency in terms of information & business Typically look to agree a growth and exit strategy up front.

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Applying…process

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Value & IRR Ultimately its what an investor will pay ! Investment required Time to a given return Return the investor needs RISK Valuation Pre-investment Post-investment % ownership to give return

© Finance Tree ltd, IRR (Internal Rate of Return) YEARS Multiple

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Indicative timeline…end game BLUE internal RED externally driven

© Finance Tree ltd, Part I. The Investors Perspective

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Lessons from Venture capital… What are investors looking for

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© Finance Tree ltd, The Management Team

© Finance Tree ltd, Innovative Defensible Products

© Finance Tree ltd, Market size

© Finance Tree ltd, Scalable Business Models

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 POC stories 25 NE POC (venture capital) £10m4yrs 194 Investments £15.2m Leveraged private investment Scottish Enterprise(grant) £41m ~10yrs 230 projects 47 new tech companies £241m leveraged private investment West Midlands (APoC)(loan/grant) £6.32m 2yrs 283 grants 143 businesses supported £2m leveraged private investment

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Last but not least…EXITS… PLANNED from day one Fund Manager will want a well defined EXIT Investment Return to the fund from growth of company… Common exits Further investment round (someone else buys out fund) Listing on a stock exchange (IPO) Trade sale, sold to another corporation.

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 The investment process 27

© Finance Tree ltd, Investment Process 8-12 weeks Initial enquiry Basic questions (eligibility, type of business, stage, investment need) Business plan submitted Review and initial due diligence Rivers Investment Meeting Investment Committee Offer letter Due diligence Agreements Completion Post deal support and monitoring until exit

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Contact to Exit 29 Enquiry Eligibility Business plan submitted Meetings…Review Investment Committee Due diligence Offer Letter (term sheet) Legals Completion Post deal….. monitoring….exit

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Business plan No right answer No set format No right length Communicate Concise Clear assumptions Back up evidence Team Financials Risk 30

© Finance Tree ltd, Business Plan: It is Simple! But so many people don’t cover the basics Idea What is it? Applications explored Key Markets Users/ Benefits Environment / competition Strategy What is your goal By When? What type of business are you? How do you make money (sales) ? Revenue model Delivery / production Team and systems Risks / risks managed Finance Cash flow forecast (cumulative) Breakeven Investment needed Investment return 1.Exec Summary 2.Business Model 3.Mission 4.Ownership 5.Governance 6.Management 7.Risks 8.Key Personnel 9.Resources 10.QA 11.Marketing 12.Products 13.Financial Model 14.Investment Offering

© Finance Tree ltd, Please Include Proposition People Potential Path to market Proven Funding needed - enough to grow Financial return Forecasts and exit Company Address and your Contact Details! How much £££?

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Assessment Carried out on… You Your plan Your references …….others you don’t know By the Fund manager, external advisors, experts 33

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Due diligence… going behind the plan Be prepared you will have to answer questions on everything about the business and your team: Directors (disclosures) Share agreements Other investors Finances Contracts (staff and customers) Orders, claims Patents, other IP…. …. And more 34

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Deal or no Deal 35

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Too often forgotten Need to inform and stimulate… too many myths Need for advice… experience matters here Legal agreements… be aware, most are not Deal Costs… factor in and limit 36

© Finance Tree ltd, Offer Simple offer letter…not term sheet Due diligence… forms are simple BUT…Be prepared Value implied by offer Time limited…normally 7-10 working days Exclusive for around 10 weeks

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Financial Instruments Loan Equity Convertible Kickers…. Uplift Mezzanine 38

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Types of shares Ordinary “A” Ordinary Prefs Different right and incentives / restrictions apply 39

© Finance Tree ltd, Fees Costs money to raise money 10% capital raised More on small deals Ours Fees 2.9% arrangement No annual monitoring Non-exec directors

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Indicative timeline…end game BLUE internal RED externally driven

© Finance Tree ltd, The Importance of the Management Team Innovative products/services Market size Scalable Business Models The Investors Perspective:

© Finance Tree ltd, Why Bother? A good VC should add real value to your business over and above the money providing help with: Recruitment of the senior team and suitable non-exec Directors Extending your contact base of customers/partners Assisting the business to enter new markets Providing support on complex deals (e.g. acquisitions) Acting as a friendly outsider in strategy debates Securing additional funding and negotiation of exits

© Finance Tree ltd, So is there a Downside? Lose some control – there will be another owner of your business VC will normally want a seat on your Board Will want full transparency in terms of information about the business Typically look to agree a growth and exit strategy up front

© Finance Tree ltd, Things to Remember about VCs Investors in FUND are their ultimate ‘client’ Funds normally operate within a fixed timeframe – this is why an exit so critical Investment will almost always involve ownership VC managers only make money if their portfolio businesses are successful Objectives defined by annual rate of return over a hurdle rate set by the investors

© Finance Tree ltd, Part III. Post-Investment

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 The EXIT 47

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 The only ways out Trade sale Buy-back IPO or other stock market listing Sale on to other investors. And the only other “Exit” is….? 48

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 EXITS… At some point the Fund Manager agrees to EXIT the investment… …and (hopefully) return any profit to the fund from the growth of the company or its value… Common exits are: Further investment round (someone else buys out fund) List on a stock exchange Trade sale, sold to another corporation.

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Investment in UK Technology companies… 2009 (BVCA performance Survey) 50 £394m in technology-related businesses (2008: £619m) Of this, three areas received the most amounts Communications – £51m (2008… £81m) Computer software – £46m ( £310m) Medical / Pharma – £36m (2008… £73m) Of the total amount invested Early stage – 33% (2008… 43%) Expansion –41% (2008… 31%) MBO/I – 20%(2008… 3%)

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 AIM… new listings Month UKInternationalTotal January February 08 April 2010 May (£74m) 1 (£5.8m) Source: LSE NB: listings in April in mining 1 in industrial metal

© Finance Tree ltd, 2010 Thank you… Jonathan Gold Follow us on TWITTER

© Finance Tree ltd, Jonathan Gold Director Hood Street Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 6JQ Pictures by J.Gold Copyright