Challenges & New Opportunities Laurel Haycock, U Libraries February 2007 Author’s Rights:

Author’s Rights and Intellectual Property Authors have copyrights –Author or creator of work: Automatic copyright protection for the work –Copyright: A bundle of rights that can be transferred Some or all rights can be transferred or retained Author might transfer single right of first publication & retain other rights –Retaining some rights may offer opportunities & advantages

Author’s Rights and Intellectual Property Publishing journal articles –Publishers may ask for transfer of rights in full or in part as a condition of publication –Rights transferred can affect future use of the article Posting to your websites Distributing copies to colleagues & students Archiving copies in discipline or intuitional “repositories” Using in future work, new editions, follow-up studies –Consider: retain some rights & transfer others (e.g. right of first publication)

Author’s Rights and Intellectual Property Publishing journal articles –Transfer of all copyrights to the publisher has been the tradition Some publishers transfer certain rights back, for example, rights for classroom use –Publisher becomes the exclusive owner of the rights to your work when all rights are transferred –Interests of publisher & the scholar & the University may diverge Profit, market share, and widest possible dissemination of the work… Source: Adapted with permission from Reshaping Scholarly Publishing, University of California, Office of Scholarly Publishing.Reshaping Scholarly Publishing

Author’s Rights and Intellectual Property Tradition and policy –By tradition and U of M policy, copyrights belong to faculty/author’s for most works created in the course of teaching & research U of M Regents Policy on Intellectual PropertyPolicy on Intellectual Property –Thus, faculty members as individuals may want to manage copyrights of their work in ways that foster their academic goals & avoid unintended consequences Source: Adapted with permission from Reshaping Scholarly Publishing, University of California, Office of Scholarly Publishing.Reshaping Scholarly Publishing

New Opportunities for Publishing The Libraries perspective… –The free flow of ideas is good for scholarship –Retention of certain author rights can serve the greater good of the scholarly community by expanding access to scholarly work Exclusive copyright agreements may become barriers to access –Internet offers new & evolving forms of digital publishing Retention of certain rights simplifies new publishing processes Future publishing models may be currently unforeseen

New Opportunities for Publishing Digital technologies offer new opportunities –Alternative ways of disseminating work Discipline and institutional repositories –University Digital Conservancy, U of MUniversity Digital Conservancy –AgEcon, U of MAgEcon –eScholarship, California Digital LibraryeScholarship –Deep Blue, U MIDeep Blue –DSpace, MITDSpace Retention of some author’s rights simplifies archiving in digital repositories

New Opportunities for Publishing New forms of publishing in repositories can offer… –Increased access & downloads: Google –Global visibility for work –More readers…more impact –Reliable, long-term stewardship of content by Libraries –Persistent access, persistent urls: no more broken links or back up problems Preprints, post prints, working papers, reports, proceedings, student papers… Source: About UDC Digital ConservancyAbout UDC Digital Conservancy

Manage Your Rights How can authors retain rights? –Attach addendum to publisher’s copyright agreement SPARC Author Addendum (example) Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources CoalitionSPARC Author Addendum Other examples… –Work with publishers with flexible copyright policies SHERPA/ROMEO summarizes many publisher policiesSHERPA/ROMEO –Understand your rights & negotiate with publishers for the rights you want to retain

Manage Your Rights Consider retaining rights to… –Post to your website, and institutional & disciplinary repositories –Distribute copies to students/classroom use –Use your work in future articles, books, etc –Grant permission to use in courses at own institution –Grant permission to distribute to colleagues elsewhere for non- commercial purposes Source: Peter Hirtle: “Author Addenda: An examination of five alternatives”Author Addenda: An examination of five alternatives

Additional Information For more information, contact: –U of M Libraries Copyright Information and Education (CIE)Copyright Information and Education

Sources Some content adapted with permission from Reshaping Scholarly Publishing, University of California, Office of Scholarly Publishing.Reshaping Scholarly Publishing