Computer Integrated Design introduction

current state ● still documentation ● want to change that ● designers must become fluent

designing with CAD ● 3-D modelling ● allows change in viewpoints ● 2-D by product ● object-oriented modelling ● not graphic primitives ● means by which represent information about a design

3D modelling 15/30

3D modelling 5

life cycle ● brief ● concept ● developed detail ● manufacture / construction ● operation ● destruction / demolition represent and manipulate graphic and non-graphic information

new designs ● new forms ● possible through use of computers ● complex geometries ● too difficult to construct ● can’t visualize otherwise ● Mitchell Beyond the Tower: Constructing Complexity in the Digital Age Gehry

10

parametrisation ● changing values of variables ● control of complex curved surfaces ● ship, aircraft, automobile design ● must be presented visually ● not in mathematical equations ● NURBS ● Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines

Hernandez C R B (2006). Thinking parametric design: introducing parametric Gaudi, Design Studies, 27(3):

use of computers does not upset the creative act

computers in design ● aid with sketches & ideas ● develop themes / concepts ● facilitate production dwgs ● analyses to satisfy functional reqmnts ● speed manufacturing process ● control operation/maintenance 15

3 aspects of digital representation in design ● digital expression of form ● way in which sketching & physical modelling can be transformed into digital representation ● digital integration of information ● how functional aspects can be modelled so that analyses can be carried out ● also includes CAD/CAM ● digital organization of office practice ● presentation of information & communication between designers & clients ● extent of change of work practices

CAD tools are whatever designers make of them

integration & automation ● automate processes in design ● automatic transfer of information ● design for manufacture ● DfM, DfX CAD the driver

the construction process ● 4-D CAD ● CAD modelling to represent the construction process ● staged

user participation ● involvement of clients ● community involvement ● presentation of alternatives ● implications – environment, cost, … 20

Stata Center - MIT

Great Court British Museum

Kunsthaus Graz

Kunsthaus - Graz ● blob architecture - BIX media facade ● non-euclidean geometry ● modelling based on B-spline surface modelling ● distorted sphere ● pulling control points

Kunsthaus - Graz ● different models ● for different aspects ● structure, cladding, ventilation, … 25

Kunsthaus Graz Szalapaj P.(2005). Contemporary Architecture and the Digital Design Process, Architectural Press, Amsterdam Schematic initial computer model (fig. 5.1)

Kunsthaus Graz Early CAD model of skin form (fig 5.5) Detailed CAD model of cladding system (fig 5.6)

Kunsthaus Graz CAD model showing perspex cladding system (fig 5.9) CAD model showing primary and secondary structural elements (fig 5.8)

Kunsthaus Graz Aerial view of rendered CAD model with transparency (fig 5.11) CAD model with sectional cuts indicating scale of spaces (fig 5.10)

Kunsthaus Graz Structural CAD model with bridge element (fig 5.15) Structural CAD model (fig 5.16) 30

Kunsthaus Graz 3-D contour model with clamp geometry (fig 5.20) CAD model of cladding panels (fig 5.22)

Kunsthaus Graz Level 6 plan (fig 5.28) Level 3 plan (fig 5.25) 32