Oracle Location based services Spatial and Oracle Locator Srinivas Gudelli CIS 764 Fall 2008

Overview What is Oracle Spatial and Oracle Locator? Spatial information systems (Ex: GIS) GIS vs. Oracle Spatial? History and architecture Data loading-examples Advantages Summary Questions

What is Oracle Spatial and Oracle Locator? Oracle Spatial and Oracle Locator, is a feature in Oracle database that stores location applications. Oracle locator-Standard and Enterprise Editions that provides core location functionality. Oracle Spatial is an option for Oracle Enterprise Edition that provides advanced spatial features to support high-end GIS and Location Based System solutions.

Oracle Locator do  All geometric objects  – Points, lines, polygons  – 2D, 3D, 4D  Indexing (quadtrees and r-trees)  Spatial queries  Proximity queries  Distances  Projections Oracle Spatial do =Locator +...  Geometric Transformations  Spatial Aggregations  Network Modeling  Topology  Raster  Geocoder  Spatial Data Mining  3D Types (LIDAR, TINS)  Web Services (WFS, CSW, OpenLS)

Spatial information systems (Ex. GIS) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. Evolution mainly from government, then started development from commercial software vendors. Enterprise GIS offers tools to share and view the spatial data through internet.

Geographic Information Systems Stores attributes, raster images, vector data Have capability to provide business logics such as relationships, domain values, networks, subtypes

GIS vs. Oracle Spatial GIS is stand-alone system. Incompatible for e-business applications Dual Architecture Continued….

GIS vs. Oracle Spatial Fully integrated, Single Architecture. Location analysis without GIS Useful for corporate and business applications

GIS vs. Oracle Spatial Continued…. Oracle spatial emphasizing the Information Systems by combining the Location information with attribute information

Oracle Spatial

Architecture Data type

Spatial database

Storing Spatial data in a Database Three types of geometry: Points, Lines, and Polygons

Spatial data storage in Oracle Use SDO_GEOMETRY for vector Use SDO_GEORASTER for raster images Structure of SDO_GEOMETRY SDO_GTYPE NUMBER SDO_SRID NUMBER SDO_POINT SDO_POINT_TYPE SDO_ELEM_INFO SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY SDO_ORDINATES SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY Example SQL> CREATE TABLE states ( state VARCHAR2(30), totpop NUMBER(9), geom SDO_GEOMETRY); Details…. next slides

SDO_GTYPE Defines the geometry type Follow DOOT rule

SDO_SRID SRID = Spatial Reference system ID More than 1000 different systems A common value: 8307  – "Longitude/Latitude WGS84"  – Used by GPS  – Navteq and TeleAtlas data are WGS84-encoded All geometries must have the same SRID Different layers can have different SRID Automatic conversion when querying

SDO_POINT and SDO_ODRINATES

Example-Point 1. SQL> INSERT INTO geometry_examples values 2. ( 3. ‘POINT’ 4. ‘'2-dimensional Point at coordinates’ 5. SDO_GEOMETRY 6. ( , , 9. SDO_POINT_TYPE 10. ( , , 13. NULL 14. ), 15. NULL, 16. NULL 17. ) 18. ); SQL> CREATE TABLE geometry_examples ( name VARCHAR2(100), description VARCHAR2(100), geom SDO_GEOMETRY ); Creating a Table Loading Point Data values -79, 37 (2D) 2001-DOOT

Example 2- Polygon SQL> INSERT INTO geometry_examples VALUES ( 'POLYGON', '2-D polygon connecting A(Xa, Ya), B(Xb, Yb), C(Xc, Yc), D(Xd, Yd)', SDO_GEOMETRY ( 2003, -- SDO_GTYPE: D00T. Set to 2003 as it is a 2-dimensional polygon 32774, -- SDO_SRID NULL, -- SDO_POINT_TYPE is null SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY -- SDO_ELEM_INFO attribute ( 1, -- Offset is , -- Element-type is 1003 for an outer POLYGON element 1 -- Interpretation is 1 if boundary is connected by straight lines. ), SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY -- SDO_ORDINATES attribute ( 1,1, -- Xa, Ya values 2,-1, -- Xb, Yb values 3,1, -- Xc, Yc values 2,2, -- Xd, Yd values 1,1 -- Xa, Ya values : Repeat first vertex to close the ring ) );

Other spatial functions-Oracle Spatial Spatial query from SQL Inbuilt geo-coding services available for know address All types of spatial operations can be performed using SQL such as joining, counting and relate. Metadata loading option. Network analysis such routing, directions Visualization in Map viewer Spatial analysis such as buffering, nearest neighbor, within distance, and contains.

Benefits

Summary Useful tool to add spatial features into existing database No extra programming skills necessary No need to purchase GIS software's Single database No cost feature for Oracle Application Server to view the maps Supports all types of geometry such as raster, lines, polygons

References Pro Oracle Spatial Book Fred Louiis, Sollutiion Archiitect and Ohiio Valllley. Oracle Platform GIS & Location-Based Services.Oracle html html