1 Topic 3054 Vaccinations: What are they ? How do we give them?

2 Vaccinations A vaccination is injection of some agent into an animal Disease resistance Stimulates an animal’s own immune system into action

3 Living Viruses Stimulate antibody production Living (unmodified) viruses are actual living when administered If dangerous virus, administered with “antiserum” Living viruses confer and effective and lasting immunity

4 Killed and Inactive Viruses Administered to susceptible animal Stimulate active immunity in animal Response usually strong Repeat every 12 months

5 Modified Viruses (MLV) Contains live viruses Changed to not cause disease, stimulate antibody Collected from unnatural host other than host animal Effective and long lasting immunity

6 Bacterin and Toxoids Made of killed preparation Will not cause disease or spread Lower power to confer immunity Inactivated, altered toxins Long lasting protection against tetanus and enterotoxemia

7 Antisera Includes antotoxins Blood serums containing antibodies Injected into unprotected animals Stimulating antibody formation Creates “passive” antibodies Short lived

8 Administering Agents Read labels carefully Use medication on correct animals and side effects Be aware of brand names vs generic names Use proper amount of medication Storage instructions and check expiration date

9 Methods of application Sprays and dust Inhalation By mouth (oral) Drinking water Absorption Injection

10 Methods of Injections Intramuscular (IM) -Most commonly used Subcutaneous (Sub-Q) -Directly under the skin Intradermal (ID) -Between layers of skin Intravenous (IV) -Directly into the blood vessel