Understanding Internetworking Infrastructure

2 Announcements Business Analysis Proposal due Tuesday next week Business Plan explained today

3 Business Plan Project The objective of this project is to put together a business plan that sets out the strategic direction for a company utilizing information technology. The two primary objectives are: –To make realistic projections of opportunities and risks –To present these in a compelling way that would attract funding and support from the organization

4 Options Option 1: –Choose your own Option 2 –One-number dialing solution Option 3 –Campus transportation network

5 Option 1: Your own startup idea Be creative, use this opportunity to explore an idea you have Focus on document you would present to venture capitalist

6 Option 2: One-number voice communication You have developed software to integrate all of the voice connections in someone’s life – home phone – work phone –mobile phone –online voice account –Other? Each user can set the system to recognize where you are, and one integrated voic system consolidates messages in one location. Business plan should include –Product release strategy –Target market segments –Potential revenue and costs –Risks –Alternative potential fee structures, and which you anticipate would be the most attractive

7 Option 3: Campus Transportation Management System You have been assigned by the director of operations for TAPS on campus to run a more cost-effective, efficient bus service. You have developed a system where the current combination of city buses and campus transport would be enhanced by –Detailed forecasting of demand as well as –Online response to fluctuations. –(For example, this could involve a less structured timetable, and more back-up capacity. by installing cameras at each bus stop to monitor how many people are waiting, the manager could send extra buses in response to high demand. Create a business plan of –how a program like this could be released, –including the technology requirements and costs. –Pay attention to risks to the existing infrastructure including what partnerships would need to be entered into.

8 Business Plan should include Executive Summary –Less than a page overview of the idea Customer Need and Business Opportunity –An argument for the potential of the product or idea Business Strategy and Key Milestones –Plan a timeline over about five years Marketing Plan –Who is the intended customer? –How will you convince them to adopt the product? Operations Plan –What is needed to pull this off? Management and Key Personnel –How many people –How will the organization be structured, and what changes are needed? –Give brief profiles of key individuals Financial Projections

9 Estimates You are not expected to know exact numbers for costs etc. but the estimates should be realistic. Use charts and tables wherever appropriate. Venture capitalists and CEO’s do not like to do more work than they have to in evaluating.

10 Due date(s) Project Due date: May 24 Optional Early Draft: May 15 (for instructor feedback)

11 Today: Understanding Network Infrastructure Module 2 of text ’75% of all IT dollars to go Infrastructure. Isn’t it time you learned what it is?’ –IBM ad campaign

12 Key trends More reliance on IT infrastructure New services Distributed Processing New business models

13 Challenges Poor IT decisions lead to –Products with insufficient support –Relying on outdated protocols/systems Technology / management divide –Who makes decisions?

14 Fig. 5.1 Moore’s Law

’s PC released People moved jobs to computers No longer needed staff for computing/data processing LANs allowed people to share files, printers etc. IT services provided over distributed servers

’s Internet boom TCP/IP provided robust standard for messages between all computers on web Network resources available to individuals

17 Fig 5.2 Evolution of Corporate IT Infrastructure

18 Fig 5.3 Metcalfe’s Law “The usefulness of a network increases with the square of the number of users connected to the network”

19 Fig 5.4 Bandwidth Explosion Growth faster than computer chips

20 Components of Internetworking Infrastructure Network –Hardware/software that permit exchange of information between processing units and organizations Processing Systems –Hardware/software providing ability to handle business transactions Facilities –Physical systems that house and protect devices Trend: Increasing freedom to manage resources See table 5.1

21 Table 5.1: Fundamental components of internetworking infrastructure

22 Networks Local Area Networks (LANs) Hubs, switches, wireless access points, network adapters Wide Area networks (WANs) Routers Firewalls, Security Systems Caching, Content Acceleration

23 Fig 5.5 LAN

24 Fig 5.6 WAN

25 Processing Systems Client Devices and Systems Server Devices and Systems Mainframe Devices and Systems Middleware Infrastructure Management Systems Business Applications

26 Fig 5.7 Servers in typical E-commerce configuration

27 Facilities Buildings, physical space Network Conduits, connections Power Environmental Controls Security

28 Fig 5.8 Modern Data Center

29 Questions, Break, Presentation

30 Discussion How much does a typical manager understand of computing networks? What educational opportunities are there?

31 Operational Characteristics if Internetworking Internetworking Technologies are Based on Open Standards Internetworking Technologies operate asynchronously Internetworking communications have inherent latency Internetworking technologies are naturally decentralized Internetworking technologies are scalable See tables 5.2, 5.3

32 Table 5.2: Measuring Network Bandwidth

33 Table 5.3: Communication Technology, Bandwidths and User Groups

34 Business Implications Quicker communications leads to efficiency More data leads to better-informed decisions Progress of processes become transparent Processes more efficient Make and sell becomes sense and respond

35 Threats Automation can lead to chain reaction, cascading failures Outside attacks See table 5.4

36 Table 5.4: Denial of Service Attacks

37 New service models Physical location of computers less important Economies of scale for particular services New capabilities must be integrated into existing systems –Deal with legacy technology Reliability must improve –See next case!

38 Discussion: Outsourcing What about outsourcing of infrastructure?

39 Case Thursday iPremier Made-up case of IT failure

40 Office hours today