CEE 437 Lecture 1 October 1, 2002 Thomas Doe. Outline Course Introduction Geology and Engineers Brief History of Geology Global Structure Plate Tectonics.

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Presentation transcript:

CEE 437 Lecture 1 October 1, 2002 Thomas Doe

Outline Course Introduction Geology and Engineers Brief History of Geology Global Structure Plate Tectonics The Rock Cycle

Geology — Brief History Origins in late 18th and early 19th Centuries Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism –Age of Earth –Uniformity of Processes Plate Tectonics Revolution (1950’s to 1980’s) Neo-Catastrophism

Siccar Point Unconformity

Smith’s Map of England

Engineering and Geology William Smith and the English geological map Karl Terzaghi and insights to the distribution of earth materials Earth heterogeneity!!!!

Global Structure Based mainly on seismic information and meteorite compositions Crust ~25-75 km depending varyin under continents and oceans

Global Structure

Velocity Variation with Depth

Development of Plate Tectonics Evidence from ocean floor magnetism and ages Evidence from seismicity Evidence from cross-continent correlations of rocks

Global Seismicity

Benioff Zone

Sea-floor Spreading Mantle convection driven

Seafloor Spreading — Sediment Ages

Evolution of Spreading Sea Floor — Atlantic Analog

Convergent Margins Ocean to Continent Continent to Continent

Convergent Margin

Rock Cycle

Convergent Margin — Subduction Zone

Major Crustal Plates

Evolution of Continents — North American Craton

North American Accretion