Org Change and Org Development Ch 16 Part 1: Apr 25

Org Change and OD Org Change – in structure, technology or people –1 st order vs. 2 nd order Org Development – methods used to implement org change Change required due to demographics, regulations, competition, technology…

Lewin’s Force Field Analysis Model UnfreezeDesired State Refreeze How do we best unfreeze attitudes? How do we best refreeze the new state? developed 50 yrs ago, still prevalent today

Driving & Restraining Forces To increase driving forces: –1. –2. To reduce restraining forces: –1. –2. –3.

Employee Resistance to Change Main reasons for creating resistance: –Direct costs –Saving face –Fear of unknown –Incongruent org systems –How best to resolve each of these?

Refreezing Through org structure changes Through org reward systems consistent with new changes Lewin’s model effectively describes change process, but overlooks what?

OD (cont…) Change agents – what do they do? Some orgs rely on external consultants, but typically internal people Diffusion of change – the use of pilot projects

Evaluating Change Using Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model – what does each level assess? –Reactions – –Learning – –Behavior – –Outcomes – –Reactions measure restraining forces, learning reflects change itself, behavior measures refreezing success.