Radiation Belt Electron Transport & Energization inner belt outer belt Slot region Mary K. Hudson, Magnetospheric Thrust Participants

Coupled Modeling Scheme

Solar Cycle of SAMPEX 2-6 MeV Electrons Li et al., GRL, 2006

Response to Solar Wind Forcing 2-3 day lag at Geo 2-3 day lag at Geo Paulikas & Blake, 1979 Paulikas & Blake, 1979 Prompt peak L ~3 Prompt peak L ~3 Vassiliadis et al., 2003 Vassiliadis et al., 2003 SAMPEX/Vsw correlation 2-6 MeV fluxes

ULF Wave-Relativistic Electron Correlation Rostoker et al., GRL, 1998

Direct Coupling of Solar Wind ULF Waves Kepko & Spence, JGR, 2003 Or Convective Growth Magnetopause K-H Waves Waves Miura, JGR, 1992; Claudepierre et al., JGR, 2008 LFM time series analysis

Halloween ’ and >10 MeV Electrons See filling of slot region on storm timescale (days) at 2-6 MeV (Baker et al., 2004) SAMPEX observes > 2 month delay in high > 10 MeV fluxes at low altitude (longer loss time)

Halloween ’03 Shock Injection W ~ 5 MeV  15 MeV W ~ 5 MeV  15 MeV R ~ 6 RE  2.5 RE R ~ 6 RE  2.5 RE Kress et al., JGR, 07 LFM-test particle simulation  E = -  B/  t :  B z /  t  E 

Halloween ’03 Shock Injection of >10 MeV (W0=1-7 MeV) Electrons Kress et al., 2006

Low altitude SAMPEX observations at > 10 MeV electrons, injected 10/29/03 Looper et al., ‘06 Low altitude SAMPEX observations at > 10 MeV electrons, injected 10/29/03 Looper et al., ‘06 Simulated pitch angle distribution-> Kress et al., 2006

MHD Fields Inject RadBelt Electrons Elkington et al., JASTP, 2004 Plasmasheet el injection 

MHD Fields Injection of RadBelt Electrons Elkington et al., JASTP, 2004

PSD calculations for other storms… January 1995September 1998 (final) The (big) September 1998 storm shows a significant change in trapped PSD as a result of coupling to the plasmasheet. The more moderate storm of January 1995 showed almost no coupling with the plasmasheet. Elkington et al., 2008

Diffusion Rates vs. L Radial diffusion rates in model ULF wave fields D_LL ~ L N Perry et al., JGR, 05, includes δEφ, δBr, δB//, freq and L-dependent power Braughtigam & Albert, 2000, N = 10; Perry et al., 2006 Radial diffusion rates in model ULF wave fields D LL ~ D 0 L N Tau(L,E) Summers 04; Tau = days/Kp Shprits 05 # # ULF wave D LL studies: Elkington et al., 2003; Ukhorskiy et al., 2005; Fei et al., 2006

Radial Diffusion for Nov 04 Storm ↑ Baker et al., GRL, 07 F. Chu et al., AGU, F 07 m = 1000 MeV/G

July & Nov 04 Differ by SSC

Plasmapause Control of Electron Flux Peak and Slot Region Shprits et al., JASTP 2008 Local accel and pitchangle scattering due to VLF/ELF waves (Whistler, EMIC)

Magnetospheric SEP Simulations SEP Cutoffs: Brian Kress poster

SEP Cutoff rigidities calculated in a CISM CMIT simulation of 14 May 1997 storm IGRF field embedded within MHD inner boundary

Handoff to Forecast Transition Radial diffusion model with D LL determined by LTR ULF wave power tabulated by v sw or Kp switch Radial diffusion model with D LL determined by LTR ULF wave power tabulated by v sw or Kp switch SEP cutoffs in solar-wind parametrized MHD field snapshots SEP cutoffs in solar-wind parametrized MHD field snapshots Neither involve pushing millions of particles in time-dependent MHD fields in real time using appropriate input spectra; Neither involve pushing millions of particles in time-dependent MHD fields in real time using appropriate input spectra; Given input spectra, e.g. SEPs from COHREL+parametrized shock model  SEP cutoffs Given input spectra, e.g. SEPs from COHREL+parametrized shock model  SEP cutoffs Given continuously available geo fluxes  radbelt f at peak flux, typically L~3-4 at 2-6 MeV, determined from radial diffusion code including Given continuously available geo fluxes  radbelt f at peak flux, typically L~3-4 at 2-6 MeV, determined from radial diffusion code including time-dependent plasmapause loss term time-dependent plasmapause loss term