CI 4.6 – Born-Haber Cycle (C) JHUDSON 2005. For an ionic compound the lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of solid in its standard state.

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Presentation transcript:

CI 4.6 – Born-Haber Cycle (C) JHUDSON 2005

For an ionic compound the lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of solid in its standard state is formed from its ions in the gaseous state. The lattice enthalpy cannot be measured directly and so we make use of other known enthalpies and link them together with an enthalpy cycle. This enthalpy cycle is the Born-Haber cycle. What do we mean by lattice enthalpy?        For an ionic compound the lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of solid in its standard state is formed from its ions in the gaseous state.

1 Sublimation of Sodium Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) kJmol H = +107kJmol -1 θSθS Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride

2 Bond Dissociation of Chlorine Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) H = +121kJmol -1 θDθD ½ Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride kJmol -1

 e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na + (g) + Cl(g) H = +502kJmol -1 θIθI Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride 3 First Ionisation of Sodium kJmol -1

4 Electron Affinity of Chlorine e-e- Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na + (g) + Cl(g) Na + (g) + Cl - (g ) H = -355kJmol -1 θEθE Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride kJmol -1 -

Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) NaCl(s) Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride H = -411kJmol -1 θFθF Na + (g) + Cl(g) kJmol     5 Formation of Sodium Chloride Na + (g) + Cl - (g)

Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) Na (s) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + 1/2 Cl 2 (g) Na(g) + Cl(g) NaCl(s) Lattice Enthalpy for Sodium Chloride Na + (g) + Cl - (g) H = -786 kJmol - 1 θLθL Na + (g) + Cl(g) Born-Haber Cycle for Sodium Chloride     kJmol -1