Control Systems – a quick introduction 1 Or, “this one goes to 11.”

Why is this important? 2 An Ariane 5 rocket demonstrates less than optimal control systems.

3 Control systems create “just right”.

Set points… 4 …Or our desired steady state response

Control theory has existed as long as machines… A centrifugal flyball governor

A control system doesn’t have to be electrical… 6

A good control system can maintain stability in a changing environment… 7

Controls also governs how a system behaves as it attempts to match a desired reference 8

Even for human operated systems, controls matter… 9

A basic control system… 10

Maintaining Stability – Observing and Reacting 11

Observability – if you can’t measure it you can’t control it. 12 Enrico Fermi I – “I’m not going in there. You go in there.”

Sensors 13

Controllability – can you get the response you want? 14

Nothing reacts perfectly… 15 Exact 1’s and 0’s (or 0 and 5v signals) exist only in theory. In real life we have overshoot.

Basic Controls deal with systems that are linear… 16

Steady state and transient response… a basic circuits example 17

We may need systems that have many parameters… multiple inputs, multiple outputs 18

Using Control Theory, we can reduce a complex set of relationships to a form that’s easier to work with. 19 By using matrix forms we can change the representation of a system to emphasize certain features.

State Space 20