Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Building for Extreme Events – Lessons Learned from Katrina SEAOI Meeting April 4, 2006 William L. Coulbourne, P.E. URS Corporation
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 What is an extreme natural event? Flooding – 500-year or.02% annual chance of occurrence Wind – 150 to 200 mph (Category 5 hurricane or tornado) Storm effects create additional problems such as debris Storm impact such that recovery is complicated and takes a long time
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Building Code Requirements for Katrina Impacted Areas AL, MS, LA – no state wide code pre-Katrina Some communities enforced either the 1997 SBC or the IBC IBC references ASCE 7 and ASCE 24 Floodplain maps ranged in age from a few years to over 20 years Floodplain maps show limits of 100-year or 1% annual chance of flooding both inland and on the coast
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Specific Katrina Storm Results Storm surge elevations were nearly 30 feet in a few areas Surge created flooding in back bays far in excess of flood map elevations Wind speed was less than building code levels in all but a very small area Significant line of surge created debris Flood protection structures failed
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Katrina Statistics Over 350,000 houses destroyed Another 140,000 houses with major damage Total economic losses exceed $125 billion 450,000 displaced people Category 5 storm in the Gulf with 902 millibar central pressure – a very strong storm
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Katrina Storm Surge Model
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Gulf Coast Storm Surge – SLOSH MODEL LA Gulfport FlaAlaMississippi Biloxi WESTEAST
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 So what were the effects from flooding…. Water washed through first floors if the building stayed Water pushed and floated buildings from their foundations Surge lifted large, heavy structures like parking garages Surge created large mounds of debris and tossed debris (barges) at buildings
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Daulphin Island, AL…success
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Waveland, MS …survivor
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Biloxi, MS…damage
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Biloxi, MS…severe damage
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Dauphin Island, AL…severe damage
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Pass Christian, MS…severe damage
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Fire Station (new)…severe damage
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Long Beach, MS…total destruction The Neighbors: out of +/- 100 homes in the area, we counted 2 survivors
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Pass Christian, MS…total destruction
Structural Engineers Association of Illinois – April 4, 2006 Debris
Debris
ASCE 7 Wind Speed Map Estimated Actual Wind Speeds