Multimedia Database Management System Wei Tsang Ooi CS731

MMDBMS : Querying Interface, Indexing and Buffer Management

Why MMDBMS ? Concurrency Control Recovery Privacy Query Support Version Control

Example of MMDBMS Digital Library News-On-Demand Video-On-Demand Music Database Telemedicine Geographic Information System

No Intergration id size fps title filename 000001 530M 30 soam l6.mpg 000002 450M 30 tibor l7.mpg 000003 600M 30 parag l5.mpg 000004 510M 30 wei l4.mpg

Semi-intergrated BLOB 000001b70ae9902...

Fully Intergrated    index     buffers  storage

Nature of Multimedia Data Large amount of data Time sensitive Vague matching

 Database Components Query Interface Query Processing storage manager buffer manager index

Query Interface and Processing

Problems Needs support for : SQL is not suitable. temporal and spatial relations “natural” interface fuzzy query SQL is not suitable.

13 Temporal Relations Allen 83 starts before meets equals overlaps during finished by finishes overlapped by contains met by started by after

Spatio Relations Papadias, Theodoridis 96 Topological Relations Directional Relations

Topological Relations disjoint meet overlap covered by inside equal covers contains

Directional Relations North NW NE West East SW SE South

Spatio-temporal Relations overlap-after meet-during ...

Querying Image Audio Music Sound Speech Video

Querying Image Common approach allow query by sketches (color, shape, texture) or examples. perform matching by Feature Vectors F = (v1, v2, ... vn) e.g. Color Histogram

Querying Image Exisiting Systems : QBIC VisualSEEK PhotoBook Virage FourEyes

Querying Music Hawley 93 Input by MIDI Keyboard Measure relative pitch (U, D, S) Perform exact match with existing database.

Querying Music Ghias, Logan, Chamberlin & Smith 95 Input by humming Extract relative pitch Perform approximate matching

Querying Music Chou, Chen, & Liu 96 Query by chord Represents musics by chord C Am Em F C Am Em F ... Perform fuzzy match

Querying Music Chen & Chen 98 Query by “rhythm” (tempo ?) Represents musics by rhythm | ¶¶— | ¶·¶·| ¶¶¶¶ | ... Perform fuzzy match

Querying Sound Wold, Blum, Keisar & Wheaton 96 Analyze audio to extract features loudness, pitch, brightness, bandwidth and harmonicity Segment the audio to pieces Feature Vector Matchings

Querying Speech Hauptmann & Witbrock 97 Informedia Use speech recorgnition to convert audio to text segment audio using silence detection Query by speaking keywords

Querying Video Query by speech Informedia Visual approach VideoQ

VideoQ Chang et. al 97 User can sketch objects Specifies color texture shape motion duration camera zoom and pan.

VisualQ Example Titanic Sinking Someone Skiing

Indexing

Indexing Requirements support spatio-temporal operations support fuzzy matches

Indexing Images N-dimentional indices for feature vector Well studied in DB/CG community Two examples : VP-tree R-tree

VP-tree R Q P PQS VWTU R T S U W V

VP-tree R Q P R P U T S S Q T VW U W V

R-tree

Indexing Audio Audio are modeled as strings Inexact match is needed Common indices for string search can be used Example PAT-tree

PAT-tree ab b c abc c abc c ababc abc babc bc c

Indexing Video Treat time as third dimension We can use any multidimension indexing structures

Buffer Management

Buffer Management Minimizing response time Ensuring continuity and synchronization Prefetching & Replacement

Glossaries Presentation Media Stream Media Object

Buffer Management Relevance Based Distance Based Buffer Consumption

Relevance Based Moser, Kraiß & Klas 95 : L/MRP Definition: State = (curr obj, skip) Relevance : State  Real

Relevance Based Prefetch : Replace : future objects with highest relevance Replace : old objects with lowest relevance

Example (5,+2) Relevance History Referenced Skip Time Scale

Distance Based Özden, Rastogi & Silberschatz 96 Definition distance of a client C is the offset between C and the immediate following client.

Distance Based Replace : blocks consumed by clients with largest distance

Example C1 C2 C3 C4

Example C1 C2 C3 C4

Example C1 C2 C3 C4

Buffer Consumption Wu & Yu 97 Definition : Buffer consumption = amount of buffer used x total time

Buffer Consumption Result : Minimizing buffer consumption increase system throughput Increase retrieval rate of current stream is better then prefetching next waiting stream

Open Problems

Querying Query video by action ? Query music by relative pitch + chord + rhythm ? Continuing quest to improve accuracy

Indexing Well studied problem Indexing for approximate string search ?

Buffer Management Should take into consideration: object dependencies (MPEG)