Financial Statement Analysis

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Presentation transcript:

Financial Statement Analysis Chapter 19 Financial Statement Analysis

Overview Purpose Tools Used Statements Ratio Analysis Limitations

Financial Statements Balance Sheet Income Statement Common Sized Trend or Indexed Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows

Ratio Analysis Purpose of Ratio Analysis Uses Use by External Analysts Trend analysis Comparative analysis Combination Use by External Analysts Important information for investment community Important for credit markets

Type of Financial Ratios Liquidity Ratios Activity or Mgmt Efficiency Ratios Leverage Ratios Profitability Ratios Market Price Ratios

Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio Current Assets Current Liabilities Quick Ratio Current Assets - Inventory

Activity or Management Efficiency Ratios Inventory Turnover Sales or Cost of Goods Sold Inventory Total Asset Turnover Sales Total Assets

Activity or Management Efficiency Ratios Average Collection Period Accounts Receivable Sales Per Day Days to Sell Inventory Inventory

Leverage Ratios Times Interest Earned Earnings Before Int. & Taxes Interest Expense Fixed Charge Coverage Ratios Lease Payments Principal Repayments Preferred Dividends

Leverage Ratios Debt to Assets Long Term Debt Assets Debt to Equity Shareholders Equity

Profitability Ratios Net Profit Margin % Net Income Sales Return on Assets Total Assets

Profitability Ratios Return on Equity Net Income Common Equity Operating Margin After Depr. Operating Profit Sales

Market Price Ratios Price to Earnings Market Price of Stock Earnings Market-to-Book-Value Book Value Per Share

Decomposition of ROE (1) x (2) x (3) x (4) x (5) ROE = Net Profit Pretax Profit x EBIT Sales Assets Equity (1) x (2) x (3) x (4) x (5) x Margin x Turnover x Leverage Tax Burden Interest

Comparability Problems Accounting Differences Inventory Valuation Depreciation Inflation International Accounting Conventions