Eleventh Edition 1 Introduction to Information Systems Essentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. C h a p t e r James A. O’Brien 10 Developing e-Business Solutions

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 2 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Objectives Use the systems development process outlined in this chapter, and the model of IS components from Chapter 1 as problem-solving frameworks to help you propose information systems solutions to simple business problems. Describe and give examples to illustrate how you might use each of the steps of the information system development cycle to develop and implement an e- business system.

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 3 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Objectives Explain how prototyping improves the process of systems development for end users and IS specialists. Identify the activities involved in the implementation of new information systems. Describe several evaluation factors that should be considered in evaluating the acquisition of hardware, software, and IS services. Identify several change management solutions for end user resistance to the implementation of new e-business applications.

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 4 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems Approach to Problem Solving Design the Solution Design the Solution Define the Problem Define the Problem Develop Alternative Solutions Develop Alternative Solutions Select the Solution Select the Solution Implement the Solution Implement the Solution Monitor and Evaluate Results

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 5 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle Systems Implementation Product: Operational System Systems Implementation Product: Operational System Systems Investigation Product: Feasibility Study Systems Investigation Product: Feasibility Study Systems Analysis Product: Functional Requirements Systems Analysis Product: Functional Requirements Systems Design Product: System Specifications Systems Design Product: System Specifications Systems Maintenance Product: Improved System Systems Maintenance Product: Improved System Understand the Business Problem or Opportunity Develop an Information System Solution Implement the Information System Solution

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 6 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prototyping Process Use and Maintain the Accepted System Use and Maintain the Accepted System Identify an End User's Information Requirements Identify an End User's Information Requirements Develop Information System Prototypes Develop Information System Prototypes Revise the Prototypes to Better Meet End User Requirements Revise the Prototypes to Better Meet End User Requirements Prototyping Cycle Maintenance Cycle

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 7 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems Investigation Organizational Feasibility Is it a good fit? Operational Feasibility Will it be accepted? Economic Feasibility Can we afford it? Technical Feasibility Does the capability exist?

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 8 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems Analysis Key Areas of Systems Analysis Organizational Functional Requirements Functional Requirements Present System Present System

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 9 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems Design Data Design Data Design User Interface Design User Interface Design Process Design Process Design Screen, Form, Report and Dialog Design Data Element Structure Design Program and Procedure Design

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 10 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. End User Development Controls What controls are needed? Controls What controls are needed? Input What data is required? Input What data is required? Processing What operations on the input is required? Processing What operations on the input is required? Output What information is needed? Output What information is needed? Storage Will the application need to store data? Storage Will the application need to store data?

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 11 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Implementation Process Conversion System Docu- mentation System Docu- mentation End User Training End User Training Development and Modification Development and Modification Acquisition Implementation Activities Implementation Activities System Testing System Testing

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 12 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Evaluating Hardware and Software Hardware Evaluation Factors Performance Cost Reliability Compatibility Technology Ergonomics Connectivity Scalability Software Support Software Evaluation Factors Quality Efficiency Flexibility Security Connectivity Language Documentation Hardware Efficiency

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 13 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Evaluating IS Services IS Evaluation Factors Performance Systems Development Maintenance Conversion Training Backup Accessibility Business Position Hardware Software

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 14 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Implementing New Systems Implementation Activities Acquisition Software Development Training Testing Documentation Conversion

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 15 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Installation Conversion Methods Old System New System Old System New System Old System New System Parallel Pilot Phased Plunge

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 16 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Change Management Measurement and Rewards Organizational Design Core Competencies Development Executive Vision Work Redesign Organization Mission and Role Managing Organizational Change

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 17 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Summary Business professionals and IS specialists use a systems approach to help them develop information system solutions to meet e-business needs. Prototyping is a major alternative methodology to the traditional information system development cycle. It includes the use of prototyping tools and methodologies, which promote an iterative, interactive process.

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 18 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Summary (cont) The application development capabilities built into many end user software packages have made it easier for end users to develop their own e-business applications. The implementation process for IS projects involves acquisition, testing, documentation, training, installation, and conversion. Business professionals should know how to evaluate IT products for acquisition. IT vendor proposals should be based on specifications developed during the design phase.

Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 19 Introduction to Information Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Summary (cont) Implementation activities include managing the introduction and implementation of changes in the business processes, organizational structures, job assignments, and work relationships resulting from e-business initiatives.