Atmosphere Above-ground biomass annually burned control Necromass annually burned control Soil organic matter annually burned control Grass do (grasses/(forbs.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Updates from the Turf Farm: Soil C quality and soil respiration rates Paul J. Lilly, Jennifer C. Jenkins The Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural.

Advertisements

Biology 12. Matter and energy In most natural ecosystems, matter cycles and is re-used Energy flows and is lost At each trophic level most of the energy.

Fire and prairie Oct 12, 2010 From:

Carol Kim, Matthew Jurysta, Kathryn Szramek, David Courard-Hauri; Environmental Science & Policy Program, College of Arts & Sciences Introduction References.

Immediate Changes Carbon Emissions, Tree Mortality Short Term Changes Erosion, Water Quality, Nutrient Availability Long Term Changes Future Flammability,

Determining Amounts of Carbon Loss and Changes in  13 C Values From Soils Due To Biomass Burning Scott Werts Hope Jahren Department of Earth and Planetary.

Bayesian Deconvolution of Belowground Ecosystem Processes Kiona Ogle University of Wyoming Departments of Botany & Statistics.

The mechanism of productivity formation of alpine meadow ecosystem Dr Xinquan Zhao Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Exhibit No Significant Change in Producing Glomalin Under Varying Water Treatments By Sherry Darabi Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Kathleen.

Illinois Plant Communities – Prairie Ecosystems.

Michelle Trogdon GEOG 4401/5401 Soils Geography Fall 2007 – Univ of Colorado, Boulder.

Plant Ecology - Chapter 17 Climate & Physiognomy.

Steppes and Prairies Steppes  Grasslands of short bunchgrasses that get less than 50 cm of rain a year.  Low rainfall but more than a desert.

Pertinent Biological Processes Carbon Cycle Basics Important for living things Moves in a cycle from the of the atmosphere, plants, and animals Carbon.

How do diversity and stability depend on productivity? The relation between plant species diversity and productivity at a continental scale Australian.

How do snowpack depth and proximity to trees affect subnivean plant growth Robin Reibold Winter Ecology: Spring 2014 Mountain Research Station, University.

Swamp Milkweed Purple Coneflower. Big Bluestem Black eyed Susan.

Atmosphere Above-ground biomass (gm -2 ) annually burned 3.0 ± 2.1 control 36.4 ± 27.3 Necromass (gm -2 ) *** annually burned ± 79.4 control

Giussani et al 2001 Stowe and Teeri 1978.

Carbon Isotope Systematics in Soil. Soil Pathway Summary Organic matter finds it’s way into soils and decomposes SOM (Soil Organic Matter) is further.

Introduction Subalpine meadows play a crucial role in species diversity, supporting many endangered species of plant and wildlife. Subalpine meadows play.

TROPHIC STRUCTURE READINGS: FREEMAN, 2005 Chapter 54 Pages

PRODUCERS READINGS: FREEMAN, 2005 Chapter 54 Pages

Does Biological Diversity Control Ecosystem Function?

Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Chapter 19 Ecosystem Essentials.

Grasslands Grassland-an ecosystem in which there is more water than in a desert, but not enough water to support a forest.

SOIL CONDITION INDEX – (SCI) AS AN INDICATOR OF THE SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS AT THE FARM BUTMIR NEAR SARAJEVO Prof. Dr. Hamid Čustović Tvica Mirza.

CARBON SEQUESTRATION BY HYBRID POPLARS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Dr. Jon D. Johnson Hybrid Poplar Research Program Washington State University - Puyallup.

PROJECT SUMMARY Low-input high-diversity (LIHD) grasslands are a promising system for biofuel production as they provide additional environmental benefits.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS.

Soil and Plant Nitrogen Budgets and Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Irrigated and Dryland Alfalfa Hay in the Northern High Plains., Soil and Plant Nitrogen.

Figure 1. Residue removal effects on corn yields as affected by N rate in 2009 and 2010 for poorly and well-drained soils. Asterisk indicates significant.

How Plants Grow & Respond to Disturbance. Succession & Disturbance  Community change is driven by successional forces: Immigration and establishment.

How Plants Grow & Respond to Disturbance. Succession & Disturbance  Community change is driven by successional forces: Immigration and establishment.

Biomass Dynamics of Amazonian Forest Fragments William F. Laurance & Henrique Nascimento Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama Biological Dynamics.

SOIL ORGANIC MATTER: Can the LTER network be leveraged to inform science and policy?

Your Questoins!

Moisture Controls on Trace Gas Fluxes From Semiarid Soils Dean A. Martens and Jean E. T. McLain SWRC – Tucson and Water Conservation Laboratory – Phoenix.

Fire Effects on Vegetation September 13, Tallgrass Prairie: TTYP First, think to yourself. Write down any causes, effects, and mechanisms that explain.

Seasonal Emissions of N 2 O, NO, CO and CO 2 in Brazilian Savannas Subjected to Prescribed Fires Alexandre Pinto, Mercedes Bustamante, Laura Viana, Universidade.

Warm-Up #6: 10/11/09 Answers only – show your math! 1. Scientists involved in a field study of a biome produced the graph above. The line represents temperature.

MODELLING CARBON FLOWS IN CROP AND SOIL Krisztina R. Végh.

Climate Physical properties of the troposphere of an area based on analysis of its weather records over a long period Two main deciding factors are Temperature.

TROPHIC STRUCTURE READINGS: FREEMAN Chapter 54. ECOSYSTEM.

Ecosystems: Lesson 4, Activity 1 Why are carbon pools different sizes?

Greater root carbon storage compared to shoot carbon storage in soil Fig 1 We labeled cereal rye cover crop with 13 CO 2 (left) aboveground biomass was.

Δ 13 C Variation from Plants to Soil Jonathan Harris MEA 760 NCSU.

Comparison of Soils and Plants at Prairie Ridge: % C and % N Lori Skidmore.

Carbon Cycle.  Law of Conservation of Matter: Matter can NOT be created or destroyed, it changes form  Biogeochemical cycles: matter is constantly being.

1 UIUC ATMOS 397G Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change Lecture 18: Nitrogen Cycle Don Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois,

ECOSYSTEMS All of the organisms living in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact. “global ecosystem” Energy flows Nutrients cycle.

Ecology Grid-In Practice Questions Matter and energy cycles are likely candidates for at least one of the six grid in questions on May’s exam.

Figure 9. Under conditions of higher soil nitrogen availability, grasses (or other non-legumes) may dominate the cover crop stand. Black indicates nitrogen.

Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy

Human Energy Systems Unit Activity 5.2: Energy Scenarios

Regional analyses of aboveground net primary production (ANPP):

Ashley Popovich Jenn McQuade Alyssa Novarro Molly Stetz

Opening Activity: Feb. 2, 2016 List examples of burning fossil fuels.

Ecosystems Unit Activity 2.4 Organic Carbon Pools in Other Ecosystems

Hydroacoustic estimates of plant (relative) density (dry g/m2) within cells 10 m wide by 1 m deep. [Nichols Lake Transect T450; 7/24/02] 15 foot depth.

Which forest type sequesters higher carbon in biomass – Pinus roxburghii or Quercus glauca Aditya Acharya School of forest sciences, UEF

AP Biology Photosynthesis Part 4.

Assumption: in a water / HC mixture, mass fraction is the same as volume fraction. Example 1: 99 kg HC (density 700 kg/m3) and 1 kg H2O (density 1000 kg/m3).

AP Biology Photosynthesis Part 4.

Matter Tracing Process Tools for Lessons 10 and 11

Think Like a Scientist Grudge Ball Review.

The carbon cycle in the Amazon.

Nutrient Cycling Matter cannot be replenished like the energy from sunlight. Matter must be recycled.

Biogeochemical cycles

Fig. 1 Biomass over time of C3 grasses and C4 grasses at ambient and elevated CO2. Biomass over time of C3 grasses and C4 grasses at ambient and elevated.

Presentation transcript:

Atmosphere Above-ground biomass annually burned control Necromass annually burned control Soil organic matter annually burned control Grass do (grasses/(forbs + grasses)) annually burned control Shoot density annually burned control Predicted fire-frequency effects on carbon dynamics in tallgrass prairie Above-ground RGR annually burned control Below-ground biomass Below-ground RGR Above-ground respiration Soil respiration annually burned control Soil water annually burned control Soil temperature annually burned control ? ? ?

Atmosphere Above-ground biomass (gm -2 ) annually burned 2.5  1.1 control1.4  0.4 Necromass (gm -2 ) * annually burned3.9  1.2 control 75.1  6.2 Soil organic matter (% weight) annually burned5.8  1.0 control5.8  0.4 Plant diversity (forb fraction) annually burned0.18  0.09 control0.36  0.14 Shoot density (stems m -2 ) annually burned189  41 control126  54 Above-ground RGR (wk -1 ) annually burned 0.71 control 0.15 Below-groundbiomass Below-ground RGR Above-groundrespiration Soil respiration (gm -2 d -1 ) annually burned6.6  1.8 control5.9  0.4 Soil H 2 0 (% by vol. at 10 cm, wks 1, 2) annually burned50.1   1.7 control50.0   1.4 Soil temp. (°C at 10 cm, wks 1, 2) * annually burned12.8   0.1 control10.8   0.2 Fire-frequency effects on carbon dynamics in tallgrass prairie Bio

Atmosphere Above-ground biomass (gm -2 ) W* annually burned0.19  0.04 control 0.51  0.12 Necromass (gm -2 ) W*** annually burned 4.1  0.9 control 39.4  3.3 Soil organic matter (% dry wt.) W* annually burned 7.0  0.3 control 5.0  0.2 Plant diversity (forb fraction) annually burned 0.55 ± ±0.13 control 0.38 ± ± 0.12 Shoot density (shoots/m -2 ) annually burned 340 ± ± 210 control 840 ± ± 270 Fire-frequency effects on carbon dynamics in tallgrass prairie Bio Above-ground RGR annually burned ???? control ???? Below-groundbiomass Below-ground RGR Above-groundrespiration Soil respiration (gm -2 d -1 )W** annually burned 10.9  1.2 control 7.5  0.5 Soil waterwk1 Twk2 T annually burned46.6 ± ±1.0 control46.0 ± ±1.5 Soil temp. (°C) wk1 T* wk2 T* annually burned13.8± ±0.2 control10.5± ±0.1 T = Tuesday data; W = Wednesday data (Diversity + density display both.) * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001

Atmosphere Above-ground biomass (gm -2 ) T annually burned 21.0  5.4 control 16.2  4.1 Necromass (gm -2 ) T*** ?? annually burned 59  control 717  Soil organic matter (% dry wt.) T annually burned 5.1  0.2 control 5.2  0.2 Forb dominance (forb fraction) annually burned 0.20 ± 0.06 control 0.19 ± 0.05 Shoot density (shoots/m -2 ) annually burned 1055 ± 169 control 781 ± 178 Fire-frequency effects on carbon dynamics in tallgrass prairie Bio – 2004 Above-ground RGR (wk-1) annually burned control Below-groundbiomass Below-ground RGR Above-groundrespiration Soil respiration (gm -2 d -1 ) annually burned 3.8 ± 0.2 control 4.3 ± 0.3 Soil waterwk1wk2 T annually burned42.9 ± 1.2 control45.4 ± 1.3 Soil temp. (°C) wk1 wk2 T*** annually burned 14.9 ± 0.3 control 11.9 ± 0.5 T = Tuesday data * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001

Atmosphere Above-ground biomass (gm -2 ) annually burned 1.3  0.5 control 1.9  0.3 Necromass (gm -2 ) *** annually burned 3.4  0.8 control 54.7  9.6 Soil organic matter (% dry wt.) annually burned 6.1  0.3 control 6.1  0.2 Forb? dominance (forb? fraction) annually burned 0.72 ± 0.05 control 0.67 ± 0.11 Shoot density (shoots m -2 ) ** annually burned 71.6 ± 9.5 control 26.2 ± 3.2 Fire-frequency effects on carbon dynamics in tallgrass prairie Bio – 2004 Above-ground RGR annually burned 0.33 ± 0.12 ** control ± 0.03 Below-groundbiomass Below-ground RGR Above-groundrespiration Soil respiration (gm -2 d -1 ) annually burned 4.5 ± 0.6 * control 2.9 ± 0.3 Soil waterwk1 wk2 annually burned21.4 ± ± 1.5 control22.0 ± ± 1.6 Soil temp. (°C) wk1 *** wk2 *** annually burned 14.6 ± ± 0.3 control 12.3 ± ± 0.2 * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001

Atmosphere Above-ground biomass (gm -2 ) Wks 1, 2 annually burned 1.27 ±.20 (1) 4.65 ± 1.94 control 2.17 ±.52 (1) 1.14 ± 0.19 Necromass (gm -2 ) *** annually burned 3.52 ±.72 control ± 4.3 Soil organic matter (% dry wt.) annually burned 5.77 ±.19 control 5.98 ±.27 Forb dominance (forb fraction) annually burned.16 ±.08 Control.35 ±.12 Shoot density (shoots/m -2 ) annually burned 44.2 ±9.3 (G) 5.4 ±2.1 (F) control 36.5 ± 98.0 (G) 9.9 ± 4.6 (F) Fire-frequency effects on carbon dynamics in tallgrass prairie Bio – 2005 Above-ground RGR (wk-1) annually burned 0.16 ±.35 control ±.07 Below-ground biomass (gm -2) annually burned 547 ± 185 control 830 ± 140 Below-ground RGR Above-groundrespiration Soil respiration (gm -2 d -1 ) annually burned control Soil waterwk1**wk2 annually burned 21.4 ± ± 1.0 control 22.2 ± ± 0.9 Soil temp. (°C) wk1 wk2 ** annually burned13.4 ± ± 0.9 control13.1 ± ± 0.5

Biomass in Burned and Unburned Plots P-Value is 0.053, which is marginally significant Reiersgaard, Scott and Worzalla 2004

Data for Necromass The amount of necromass in burned and unburned plots was not significantly different Reiersgaard, Scott and Worzalla 2004

Findings for Grasses and Forbs Although the t-test didn’t show a significant difference in mass of grasses and forbs, the mass for both was higher in burned plots Reiersgaard, Scott and Worzalla 2004

Big Bluestem has clear advantage in burned prairie Indian Grass results inconclusive Density Fowler, Langseth and Sipfle 2004

Big Bluestem on burned plots was 123% the height of plant height on not burned Indian Grass on burned plots 108% the height of plant height on not burned Height Fowler, Langseth and Sipfle 2004