1 An Introduction to Ion-Optics Series of Five Lectures JINA, University of Notre Dame Sept. 30 – Dec. 9, 2005 Georg P. Berg

2 The Lecture Series 1 st Lecture: 9/30/05, 2:00 pm: Definitions, Formalism, Examples 2 nd Lecture: 10/7/05, 2:00 pm: Ion-optical elements, properties & design 3 rd Lecture: 10/14/05, 2:00 pm: Real World Ion-optical Systems 4 th Lecture: 12/2/05, 2:00 pm: Separator Systems, Part 1 5 th Lecture: 12/9/05, 2:00 pm: Separator Systems, Part 2

3 4 th Lecture Faint radiation near the sun – an analogy (4 – 5) Concept of magnetic & electric separation (6 – 8) Magnetic separation in 0 o experiments in spectrometers (9 – 11) Preview Lecture 5 (12) 4 th Lecture: 12/2/05, 2:00 pm Separator Systems, Part 1

4 Solar Eclipse Coronagraph Solar Eclipse 1999 Shadow of moon of EarthSOHO, large angle Observing faint radiation near the sun: An analogy for observing nuclear particles close to the beam

5 The Chromosphere of the Sun in H  H  line,  = nm  = 0.07nm Narrow Band Filter

Magnetic & Electric Separation in a Dipole Field (1) F elec = qE F magn = qvB (1a) (1b) F centr = mv 2 /  Centripetal Force T = mv 2 /  Kinetic Energy (non-relativistic) (28) (29)  = mv/q  Magnetic rigidity  = mv 2 /q  Electric rigidity Observing close to the Beam

Magnetic and Electric Separation in a Dipole Field (32) (31) (30) Magnetic Separation: F magn = F centr m/q = C 1 (T/q ) –1  with C 1 = (B  )/2 Electric Separation: F elec = F centr T/q = C 2  with C 2 = (E  )/2 Wien Filter: F elec = F magn m/q = C 3 T/q  with C 3 = 2/v 2 v = E/B with E  (19)

Magnetic and Electric Separation in a Dipole Field m/q = C 1 (T/q ) T/q = C 2 m/q = C 3 / (T/q) Mass/charge m/q Energy/charge T/q > ^ Ref: D. Catana et al, Report WP10 IDRANAP 15-01/2001

9 Magnetic (B  Separation of Beam & Reaction Products in Spectrometer Experiments near 0 o K600, Grand Raiden Spectrometers: ( 3 He,t), (p,t), ( ,  ’), (p,p’), ( , 8 He) Special Faraday cups to stop beam

10 K600 Spectrometer (IUCF) The K600 is shown in 0 o Transmission mode for inelastic scattering at 0 o High Dispersion Plane B(D1) > B(D2)

11 Grand Raiden High Resolution Spectrometer Dipole for in- plane spin component Faraday cup for ( 3 He,t): B  (t) ~ 2*B  ( 3 He) (p,t): B  (t) ~ 1.7*B  (t) ← ← Grand Raiden is shown in 0 o Transmission mode for reactions at 0 o Reaction Products 6 He, 8 He, t Faraday cup for ( , 8 He,), or , 6 He,) B  ( 6,8 He) ~ 1.1 – 1.25 B  (  )

12 Preview 5 th Lecture A “no-field” separation method: the Wedge Gas-filled separators Fragment separator, inverse kinematics, TRImP Recoil separators St. George Preview: 5 th Lecture: 12/9/05, 2:00 pm Separator Systems, Part 2

13 End Lecture 4