ATACAMA CCAT : The Cornell-Caltech Atacama Telescope A joint project of Cornell University, the California Institute of Technology the California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Riccardo Giovanelli

Guiding Principles Scientific Excellence Institutional Synergy Special Niche/High Visibility Ride the technology wave of large format Bolometer Arrays At the best possible, easily serviceable Earth location High synergy with (and enabler to) ALMA

A unique project geared towards the investigation of cosmic origins, from planets to galaxies, in the FIR/submm niche; with a focus that emphasizes our institutions’ instrument building talents & development of forefront technologies; that can sensibly achieve first light by 2012; that will maintain the US in the forefront of research in one of the most rapidly developing observational/ technological fields; that will provide strong opportunities for synergistic science with ALMA; at cost affordable by a small consortium of academic institutions. CCAT

A 25m-class FIR/submm telescope that will operate with high aperture efficiency down to = 200  an atmospheric limit Able to accomodate large format bolometer array cameras (large Field of View ~20’) and high spectral resolution heterodyne receivers At a very high (elevation > 5000m), very dry (Precipitable Water Vapor column PWV<1 mm) site with wide sky coverage The CCAT:

Science Areas: Early Universe CosmologyEarly Universe Cosmology Galaxy Formation & EvolutionGalaxy Formation & Evolution Disks, Star & Planet Forming RegionsDisks, Star & Planet Forming Regions Cosmic Microwave Background, SZE andCosmic Microwave Background, SZE and Solar System AstrophysicsSolar System Astrophysics Major Science Role: Large Scale Surveys (galaxies, debris disks, KBOs), (galaxies, debris disks, KBOs), feeder to ALMA feeder to ALMA

How did we get from this: …to this: … and this … and this?

Brief technical specs: f/0.6, very large FOV Better than 10 micron total budget Conventional mount design In a dome Active primary control Subarcsec pointing & tracking

Full 20’ x 20’ FOV See G. Cortes paper at July Midterm Review

Mountain Facility: Observing Level M3 Engineering & Technology Corporation

Mountain Facility: First Level Plan M3 Engineering & Technology Corporation

Mountain Facility: Second Level Plan M3 Engineering & Technology Corporation

Mountain Facility: Building Section M3 Engineering & Technology Corporation

Mountain Facility: Exterior M3 Engineering & Technology Corporation

Update: Reports from Contractors Several Final Reports Received AMEC Dome Study Report AMEC Dome Study Report All Three Panel Study Reports (CMA, Xinetics, ITT) All Three Panel Study Reports (CMA, Xinetics, ITT) Laser Metrology (JPL) Laser Metrology (JPL)Pending M3 Architectural Study, Vertex RSI Mount Study M3 Architectural Study, Vertex RSI Mount Study Calibration WFS Study, Systems Engineering Calibration WFS Study, Systems Engineering Science & Requirements Report, Instrumentation Report Science & Requirements Report, Instrumentation Report M2/M3 Report (CSA Engineering) M2/M3 Report (CSA Engineering) others others

Concept Updates Dome Concept Structure Further Developed Structure Further Developed Shutter Approach Illustrated Shutter Approach Illustrated Mechanisms Further Designed Mechanisms Further Designed Cost Estimate ~$13m ~$13m Consistent with Allocated Cost Consistent with Allocated Cost Polyurethane Radial Roller Steel Normal and Uplift Rollers Bogie Frame Normal Pivot Bearing Central Mount

Calotte Enclosure Concept Zen=0 0 Zen=15 0 Zen=30 0 Zen=45 0 Zen=60 0 Zen=75 0 BASE CAP Aperture Ring Interface Ring Azimuth Ring

Structural Design and Analysis General design Steel triangulated frame structure Steel triangulated frame structure Stiffened ring sections at mechanical interfaces Stiffened ring sections at mechanical interfaces Structural Analysis Preliminary FEA of all-steel enclosure Preliminary FEA of all-steel enclosure Members optimized under survival load combinations (gravity, wind, snow, ice) Members optimized under survival load combinations (gravity, wind, snow, ice) Mechanical interfaces modeled with equivalent spring stiffnesses Mechanical interfaces modeled with equivalent spring stiffnesses Total Enclosure Mass Base structure:140 tonne Base structure:140 tonne Cap structure:120 tonne Cap structure:120 tonne Shutter structure:50 tonne Shutter structure:50 tonne Cladding/Girts:80 tonne Cladding/Girts:80 tonne Azimuth mechanical:50 tonne Azimuth mechanical:50 tonne Calotte mechanical:25 tonne Calotte mechanical:25 tonne TOTAL:465 tonne TOTAL:465 tonne Element Plot Gravity Deflections ~7mm max

Concept Updates Mount Developments CAD Model Further Developed CAD Model Further Developed Truss Added Truss Added Mass Estimated Mass Estimated Mount Cost Not Yet in Hand Control Analysis Indicates that Mount Will Probably Meet Scanning/Pointing Requirements

CCAT Mount Overview

PM Study Point Design Segmentation 6 Annular Rings 6 Annular Rings Segments Max 2m x 2m Segments Max 2m x 2m Wide Latitude in Design Wide Latitude in Design Facilitates Replication Only 6 Different Types Only 6 Different Types Size Compatible With Several Manufacturing Techniques Size Compatible With Several Manufacturing Techniques

Three Panel Studies In Work Composite Mirror Applications, Tucson, AZ Al Sandwich Al Sandwich Successfully Used by MAN for SMT, Achieving 14 µ RMS Successfully Used by MAN for SMT, Achieving 14 µ RMS Low CTE, High Specific Stiffness Low CTE, High Specific Stiffness Xinetics Inc., Devens, MA Nanolaminate Front Shell (LLNL Technology) Nanolaminate Front Shell (LLNL Technology) Laminated to SiC Lightweighted Support Structure Laminated to SiC Lightweighted Support Structure Proprietary Casting/Sintering Process Proprietary Casting/Sintering Process ITT Industries, Rochester, NY (Former part of Kodak) Borosilicate Glass Forming Borosilicate Glass Forming Proprietary Process for Forming Lightweight Core Between Face and Back Sheets Proprietary Process for Forming Lightweight Core Between Face and Back Sheets

Concept Updates Mirror Segments Xinetics (SiC) Provides a Good Study but Cost is >>> Than Acceptable Xinetics (SiC) Provides a Good Study but Cost is >>> Than Acceptable ITT and CMA Complete Studies ITT and CMA Complete Studies Both Have Feasible Designs Both Have Feasible Designs Both Costs Somewhat Higher than Target Both Costs Somewhat Higher than Target Reasonable Way Forward with Both Reasonable Way Forward with Both

Corrugated Mirror Assemblies Fuse top and bottom plates to corrugated core (1 day) Lightweighting efficiently stiffens face sheets.

Corrugated Mirror Benefits Total process time per panel is short (~1 week) Benefit: High production rates, low cost per panel Areal densities below 10kg/m² have been demonstrated Benefit: Meets system requirements for overall weight Inexpensive raw material Benefit: Low cost per panel Several design approaches Benefit: Adequate trade space for design optimization Traditional mirror materials plus innovative manufacturing processes can meet the cost, schedule, and technical requirements of CCAT

Submm Camera Strawman First light instrument FOV FOV  Nyquist sampling a 5’x5’ FOV at 350  m: 170  170 pixel array  30,000 pixels, or 6 times that of SCUBA-2 Primary bands Primary bands  200, 350, 450  m and 620  m  Driven by similar backgrounds and adequate sampling requirements  Filter wheel to change wavelengths Telescope designed with ~20’x20’ FOV; future instruments will take advantage of the entire FOV

Study Report Study Report in Work First Draft Book Assembled First Draft Book Assembled Process for Review & Revision Defined Process for Review & Revision Defined Target is to Go to Print in Mid December Target is to Go to Print in Mid December Study Review in preparation (Jan 2006) Study Review in preparation (Jan 2006)

In the highest, driest tropical region on Earth … an elevation of ~18,000 ft a.m.s.l. at an elevation of ~18,000 ft a.m.s.l. (as high as you can drive a truck), in the Atacama region of Northern Chile, in the Atacama region of Northern Chile, it will be the highest observatory on Earth. it will be the highest observatory on Earth. Site

Chascon Honar Negro Chajnantor Toco Sairecabur Chico National Science Preserve (managed by CONICYT) (managed by CONICYT) ALMA CBI MPI JNAO ACT

Sub-mm Atmospheric Transmission Atmospheric transmission for different amounts of precipitable water vapor. The horizontal red bars represent the adopted bandpasses and the average transmission for 0.25 mm PWV.

C. Chajnantor View to North View to the South

Summit (5655m) Possible site (5575m)

Spring 2003 : Partnership initiated Spring 2003 : Partnership initiated October 2003: Workshop in Pasadena October 2003: Workshop in Pasadena Feb 2004: MOU signed by Feb 2004: MOU signed by Caltech, JPL and Cornell Caltech, JPL and Cornell Late 2004: Project Office established, Late 2004: Project Office established, PM, DPM hired, PM, DPM hired, Study Phase pace accelerates Study Phase pace accelerates July 2005: Study Phase Midterm Review July 2005: Study Phase Midterm Review Early 2006: Preliminary CDR Early 2006: Preliminary CDR Engineering Design Phase, Engineering Design Phase, finalize Site Selection finalize Site Selection Construction and First Light Construction and First Light Project Status

Estimated Construction Cost $100M (includes 1 st light instrumentation) Estimated cost of operations ~$5M/yr (excludes intrument upgrade and development) Estimated cost of Instrument Upgrade & Development ~$1.5-2M/yr