Chemistry 1010 Naming and Batteries

Polyatomic Ions

Common Prefixes 1mono6hexa 2di7hepta 3tri8octa 4tetra9nona 5penta10deca

Oxygen Is one of the essential elements necessary for life Makes up over half the earth’s crust by mass Occurs in the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere litho – with Si, Al, and others hydro – in water as H 2 Oto form the earth’s crust atmo – as O 2 we breath and Ozone O 3 to protect 2/3 of our body weight is Oxygen Combined with the food we eat to produce energy 20 billion Kg is produce annually in the United States Causes rust an corrosion Primary cause for the spoilage of food Causes wood to decay

HYDROGEN By weight, it is 0.9% of the earth crust By #, it makes up 15 % of the earth crust Usually found combined with water or hydrocarbons It is colorless and odorless It is the lightest of all substances There is 200 million Kg produced in the US yearly 2/3 of this amount is used to produce ammonia not used in blimps anymore 2H 2 + O 2  H 2 O

Hindenburg Ya Wanna watch it burn??????????

Oxidation / Reduction Oxidation – The gain of oxygen atoms Reduction – The loss of oxygen atoms 2Mg + O 2  2MgO RhO 2  RhO + O 2

Oxidation / Reduction Oxidation – The loss of hydrogen atoms Reduction – the gain of hydrogen atoms C 2 H 6 O  C 2 H 4 O + H 2 FeO 2 + H 2  FeH 2 O 2

Oxidation / Reduction Oxidation – the loss of electrons Reduction – the gain of electrons Ag  Ag 2+ Cr 2+  Cr Ca + Mg 2+  Ca 2+ + Mg

OIL RIG oxidation involves loss reduction involves gain

Any oxidation is accompanied by a reduction FeO + H 2  Fe + H 2 O

Demo Ag+ + Cu  Cu2+ + Ag penny in AgNO3 Zn + Cu2+  Zn2+ + Cu Zinc in a copper sulfate solution

Batteries Explain in Great Detail how a wet electrochemical (battery) cell works!!!!

What About A Flashlight Battery Zn + 2 MnO 2 +H 2 O  Zn 2+ + Mn 2 O OH-

Other Common Batteries Mercury cell Zn / HgOcalculators, hearing aids Silver Oxide Zn / Ag2Owatches, cameras Nickel Cadmium Cd / NiOrechargeable batteries Lithium cells Li / MnO2pacemakers

How Does a Car Battery Work Same as an electrochemical cell but reversible Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4  2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e- Add electricity 2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e-  Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4

Electric Cars Let’s Talk About It