Acting Humanly: The Turing test (1950) “Computing machinery and intelligence”:   Can machine’s think? or Can machines behave intelligently? An operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game Predicted that by the year 2000, a machine would have a 30% chance of fooling a lay person for 5 minutes   Anticipated all major arguments against AI in the following 50 years Suggested major components of AI: knowledge, reasoning, language, understanding, learning. Problem: Turing test is not reproducible, constructive, or amenable to mathematical analysis. Intelligence not determinable by surface behavior alone. The test is not sufficient since the behaviors under adjudication are too limited. As a sufficient condition for intelligence, the test is so difficult as to be uninteresting.

Consciousness - The Chinese Room Experiment – Does running the right program generate consciousness? Human – only understands English Rule book – written in english Stacks of paper – some blank, some with indecipherable symbols on them Small opening to outside world Pieces of paper with symbols on them are passed through the opening The human follows the instructions in the rule book Eventually the human hands a piece of paper with symbols on it through the opening Certain kinds of objects are incapable of conscious understanding The human, paper, and rule book are objects of this kind If each object is incapable, the entire whole is incapable Therefore there is no conscious understanding in the room

The Brain Prosthesis Experiment Replace neurons in your brain one at a time with artificial neurons that *exactly* replicate the behavior of the original neurons (then reverse the process). By definition, the subjects external behavior must remain unchanged. What happens? We have two choices, either The causal mechanisms involved in consciousness in the electronic brain are still functioning, and it is therefore conscious. Conscious mental events in the normal brain have no effect on behavior. If neuron replacement is conscious, replacing brain with an entire circuit/lookup table that mapped inputs to outputs *must* also be conscious.

What is rational for an agent? It depends on: The performance measure What it has perceived Its current store of knowledge The actions the agent can perform

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PAGE Internet shopping agent Percepts? Actions? Goals? Environment?

Environment Issues