FMRI: Biological Basis and Experiment Design Lecture 13: BOLD Neurons per voxel Neural signaling Neural/vascular link? HRF –linearity 1 light year = 5,913,000,000,000.

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Presentation transcript:

fMRI: Biological Basis and Experiment Design Lecture 13: BOLD Neurons per voxel Neural signaling Neural/vascular link? HRF –linearity 1 light year = 5,913,000,000,000 miles?

BOLD relies on T 2 *-weighted images Signal will increase where blood flow increases. Signal is low where T 2 * is short.

Predicting BOLD signal in a single voxel

Neural activity = input + local computation + output Cortico-cortical cxns Intrinsic cxns Thalamic input: spikes Output: spikes astrocyte Excitatory neuron Inhibitory neuron

Energy budgets Lennie (2003) “The Cost of Cortical Computation”, Current Biology 13:493. Attwell and Laughlin (2001) “An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain,” J. Cer. Blood Flow & Metab. 21:1133.

Predicting BOLD signal, Part I: neural activity Stimulus Input Local computation Output __________________ Total time (ms) Molecules of ATP

BOLD signal, Part II: Hemodynamic response Total Neural Activity Oxygen extraction fraction CBF CBV _______________ BOLD time (ms) Molecules of ATP time (sec)

Cannonical HIRF

Key assumptions of convolution model Linearity: Homogeneity + Additivity = Superposition Shift-invariance: no refractory period

Modeling BOLD with convolution