Water and Seawater Chapter 3
Water Molecules
Water has three states ICE GAS WATER
Ice Floats
Water carries heat energy
Water is a powerful solvent.
Seawater
Oceans pick up dissolved solids from a variety of sources
A Niskin Bottle in action Seawater sampling
Red Sea Elevated Salinity
Atlantic Ocean at mouth of Amazon River Baltic Sea Low Salinities
Temperature, Salinity and Density
String of water bottles
A rosette of sampling bottles and other instruments
Water Column profile for temperature
19 th Century Oceanography Chart from HMS Challenger Expedition
Satellite Imagery Ocean surface temperatures – easier than taking millions of Niskin samples (assuming you have satellite).
Seawater and Dissolved Gases
Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nitrogen
Pressure and water depth
Density and Ocean Layering
Water Column Profiles
Temperature profiles vary with latitude
Thermohaline Circulation
Three-layered ocean
Solar energy generate movement of air masses
Hadley Cells
Prevailing winds
Major oceanic surface currents
Thermohaline Circulation
Wave Structure
Wave structure
Tides
Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis)
Tides Two forces pull at the water
Tides
The Earth rotates through the bulges generated by centrifugal and gravitational forces
Tides Semidiurnal
Mixed Semidiurnal Tides
Diurnal Tides