Class 4a: Atmospheric moisture. Introduction to water Earth’s temperature  special properties of water.

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Presentation transcript:

Class 4a: Atmospheric moisture

Introduction to water Earth’s temperature  special properties of water

Introduction to water Energy needed to change state

Evaporation How does water evaporate?

Evaporation Water vapor stores latent heat Vapor pressure: pressure exerted by water vapor

Vapor pressure

Evaporation How quickly does water evaporate?

Humidity Absolute humidity: ratio of water vapor to a given volume of air Specific humidity: ratio of water vapor to a given mass of air

Humidity Relative humidity: ratio of water vapor to maximum water vapor capacity

Dew point When air cools, water vapor capacity _____ and relative humidity _____

Condensation Condensation: water vapor becomes liquid, releases latent heat

Lapse rates Normal lapse rate: 3.5°F/1000 feet

Adiabatic processes Air changes temperature by convection, not conduction

Adiabatic processes If a rising parcel of air cools to its dewpoint, then ______ occurs

Adiabatic processes

Stability of air Buoyancy: tendency of an object to rise

Stability of air

Stability: normal lapse rate of surrounding air is less than DALR

Stability of air Unstable air: normal lapse rate of surrounding air is greater than DALR

Stability of air Conditionally unstable air: stable up to a point

Stability of air

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