CVEV 118/698 Database Programming Lecture 1 Prof. Mounir Mabsout Elsa Sulukdjian Walid El Asmar

Introduction MS Access is a very particular commercial application for it is provided with two programming tools: Macros & VBA. MS Access is a very particular commercial application for it is provided with two programming tools: Macros & VBA. Macros can be quickly and easily developed even with a primitive programming knowledge. Macros can be quickly and easily developed even with a primitive programming knowledge. However, their functionality is limited. For complex database projects, VBA should be used. However, their functionality is limited. For complex database projects, VBA should be used.

VBA/Macros Both Macros and VBA use the same set of predefined instructions for common actions, I.e. opening, closing, importing, etc. objects. Both Macros and VBA use the same set of predefined instructions for common actions, I.e. opening, closing, importing, etc. objects. “Actions” are to Macros what “Methods” are to VBA. “Actions” are to Macros what “Methods” are to VBA. The two automating tools are not totally independent, you can run macros from a VBA application and vice-versa. The two automating tools are not totally independent, you can run macros from a VBA application and vice-versa. Yet, each has a different way of acting on database object. Yet, each has a different way of acting on database object.

VBA/Macros (Cont’d) Macros act directly at the level of the object; except for the SetValue action that allows modifying the value of some object properties. Macros act directly at the level of the object; except for the SetValue action that allows modifying the value of some object properties. The DoCmd can be used in VBA to call a Macro, and vice versa. The DoCmd can be used in VBA to call a Macro, and vice versa. Macros Actions ‘SetValue’ Object Properties VBA Methods Object enabled approach ‘ DoCmd’ Command Limited approach

VBA/Macros (Cont’d) There are approximately 50 macro actions in Access. There are approximately 50 macro actions in Access. The actions that can be performed are predefined, and limited in number. The actions that can be performed are predefined, and limited in number. Examples: Examples: – Open Report – Open Form

Data Access Components When installing Access, you actually install two major components: the Access Application Layer and the Jet Database Engine. When installing Access, you actually install two major components: the Access Application Layer and the Jet Database Engine. The Access Application is the part you interact with to display the database objects. The Access Application is the part you interact with to display the database objects. The Jet Database Engine is the part where you manage the data in the database. The Jet Database Engine is the part where you manage the data in the database.

Data Access Components (Cont’d) The Access Application Layer & the Jet Database Engine communicate with each other using Data Access Languages. The Access Application Layer & the Jet Database Engine communicate with each other using Data Access Languages. Data Access Languages Data Access Languages In Access, there are two Data Access Languages: Structured Query Language (SQL) and ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). In Access, there are two Data Access Languages: Structured Query Language (SQL) and ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). Data Access Languages work as links that access, retrieve, manipulate, etc. data. Data Access Languages work as links that access, retrieve, manipulate, etc. data.

The Object Model Remember that VBA is Object oriented programming. Remember that VBA is Object oriented programming. Objects have Properties and Methods to modify those properties. Objects have Properties and Methods to modify those properties. The object model is a hierarchical organization of objects, groups of similar objects and relations. The object model is a hierarchical organization of objects, groups of similar objects and relations. Access is organized into 2 separate hierarchies, one stemming from the Access Application Layer and the other from the Jet Database Engine. Access is organized into 2 separate hierarchies, one stemming from the Access Application Layer and the other from the Jet Database Engine. Thus, Data Access Languages will function as links between those 2 trees. Thus, Data Access Languages will function as links between those 2 trees.

Access Application Hierarchy Controls ReferencesModulesReportsForms Module Application ScreenDoCmd Controls Module

Jet Data Base Engine Hierarchy Users ErrorsWorkspaces DBEngine GroupsDatabases TableDefs QueryDefsRecordsets RelationsContainers DocumentsFields Indexes

Referring to Objects by Name One way to refer to an object is to trace its position in the object model, traversing the hierarchy from the top downward. One way to refer to an object is to trace its position in the object model, traversing the hierarchy from the top downward. The exclamation point operator (!), or ‘bang’, is used to step from a collection to one of its members. The exclamation point operator (!), or ‘bang’, is used to step from a collection to one of its members. The dot operator (.) to step from an object to one of its collections. The dot operator (.) to step from an object to one of its collections.

Example Accession a form in the Access Application model: Accession a form in the Access Application model:Application.Forms!NameOfForm Don’t forget to enclose in square brackets if the name contains spaces: Don’t forget to enclose in square brackets if the name contains spaces: Application.Forms![Name Of Form] Note that you can decrease the length of a reference by using defaults: I.e. Access assumes that you are in Access when you refeer to objects: Note that you can decrease the length of a reference by using defaults: I.e. Access assumes that you are in Access when you refeer to objects:Forms!NameOfFormReports!NameOfReport A dot is appended at the end of this reference protocol to access an object property. A dot is appended at the end of this reference protocol to access an object property.

Recordset Object A Recordset object represents the entire set of records from a base table or the results of an executed command. A Recordset object represents the entire set of records from a base table or the results of an executed command. At any time, the Recordset object refers to only a single record within the set as the current record. At any time, the Recordset object refers to only a single record within the set as the current record. The Recordset Object represents the entire set of records from a Table or Query The Recordset Object represents the entire set of records from a Table or Query

Recordset Object (Cont’d) Examples: Examples: Dim rst As New ADODB.Recordset set rst.ActiveConnection = conn rst.Open "Engineer" - OR - rst.Open "SELECT ENFName, ENLName, ENDOB FROM Engineer" With a recordset you can access the whole set of rows in the table or query. With a recordset you can access the whole set of rows in the table or query. However, at a given moment the recordset will have a single row as the current row, and data can be read from and written only to this row. However, at a given moment the recordset will have a single row as the current row, and data can be read from and written only to this row.

Recordset Object (Cont’d) Navigation between rows is performed through a set of functions: Navigation between rows is performed through a set of functions: – MoveFirst – MoveLast – MoveNext – MovePrevious Data is read and written through the Fields collection. It acts on the current record. Data is read and written through the Fields collection. It acts on the current record. Example: Example: rst.Fields("ENFName") = "Karim“ rst.MoveNext Debug.Print rst.Fields("ENDOB")

What’s Next Less concepts, more methods! Less concepts, more methods!