Title Fiber-optical analogue of the event horizon Experiment:  Friedrich König Christopher Kuklewicz Stephen Hill Theory: Ulf Leonhardt Thomas Philbin Scott Robertson

Contents Frequency shifts at event horizons Experimental observation of frequency shifts at event horizons The analogue Hawking effect in fibers Introduction

Horizons in moving media Illustration: Peter Hoey, Science 319, 1321 (2008)

Hydraulic jump Photo: Piotr Pieranski

Time reversal Illustration: Scientific American W. G. Unruh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1351 (1981)

Time reversal White hole analogueBlack hole analogue

Hawking radiation: connections Analogue systems are key to the observation of Hawking-type radiation Optical analogues possible? S. M. Hawking, Nature 248, 30 (1974)

Horizons in moving media P =    z-u t  Probe light ‘sees’ a moving medium of index dn inside a medium of index n

Horizons in moving media: trajectories

Horizons in moving media: trajectories

Choice of medium: optical fiber

Fiber optical horizons: requirements Stable pulses -> solitons Narrowband probe light at a frequency different from soliton Highly nonlinear fiber Pulse trapping: N. Nishizawa et al., Opt. Lett. 27, 152 (2002) A. Efimov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95,213902, (2005) A. V. Gorbach et al., Nature Photonics 1, 653 (2007) Optical Pushbroom: C. N. de Sterke, Opt. Lett. 17, 914 (1992) N. G. R. Broderick et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, 4566 (1997)

Fiber properties and group velocity Fiber NLPM 750 B Measurements by: A. Podlipensky and P. Russell, Erlangen, Germany (dotted line) Crystal Fiber A/S (red line)

Artificial horizons: experimental apparatus

Blue shifting at the white hole Th. Philbin, Ch. Kuklewicz, S. Robertson, S. Hill, F. König, U. Leonhardt Science 319, 5868, pp – 1370 (2008)

Hawking radiation: outlook

Hawking radiation: few-cycle pulses Few-cycle pulses from modelocked lasers undergo self-steepening inside the fiber:

Summary Optical pulses in fibers form media moving at the speed of light. At turning points analogue event horizons are formed that lead to frequency shifts. This system is promising for the generation of the analogue of Hawking radiation.

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