Carboxylic Acids. Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids Esters.

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Presentation transcript:

Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids Esters

Cyclic Esters Are Known as Lactones Amides

Carboxylic acids have relatively high boiling points because of intermolecular hydrogen bonds Amides have the highest boiling points

Acidity

Substituent Effects on Acidity pK a = 4.46pK a = 4.19pK a = 3.47pK a = 3.41pK a = 2.16

Purifying an Acid by extraction

All carboxylic acid derivatives react by the same general mechanism The tetrahedral intermediate eliminates the weakest base tetrahedral intermediate

Reactions of Acyl Halides

Reactions of Acid Anhydrides

Reactions of Esters a hydrolysis reaction a transesterification

Fats and Oils Are Triesters of Glycerol

Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution of Carboxylic Acids Hydrolysis of Amides

The acyl halide can be used to prepare other carboxylic acid derivatives

Urea and Urethanes Urea is the diamide of carbonic acid. Urethanes are esters of a monoamide of carbonic acid.

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