Mass Spectrometry. How is MS Done? Basic MS Instrumentation.

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Presentation transcript:

Mass Spectrometry

How is MS Done?

Basic MS Instrumentation

Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzers

Quadrupole Mass Analyzers

Reflector Time Of Flight

3D Quadrupole ion trap Linear Quadrupole ion trap 3D radio-frequency ion traps: ions are trapped in center point (single point) 2D Linear trap: rf field is zero along the whole central line of the electrode configuration Quadrupolar ion traps (Paul trap)

3 sets of parallel plates in a uniform magnetic field In a 7-Tesla magnetic field an ion with m/z =100 will spin 1,000,000 cycles (travel ~ 30 km) in a 1 sec. observation period Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS

Linear trapping quadrupole FTICR

Mass Analyzers Instrument Mass analyzer2D trapQTOFFT-ICR/Orbitrap Mass accuracy500 ppm10 ppm1 ppm Resolution1,00010,000100,000 Sensitivity0.1 fmol1 fmol0.1 fmol Dynamic range ,000 Price$250K$450K$600K

Electron Impact Vs Chemical Ionization

Electrospray Ionization

Electrospray Vs Electron Impact

Proteins/Preteomics

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Iionization (MALDI)

Resolution/Sensitivity/Mass Accuracy Mass Mass Difference 5000 is typical unit resolution up to mass 5000 Proteins: 100 AA M = 15,000 R = 15,000 for unit resolution

Exact Mass/Mass Defect/Isotopic Abundance C 3 H 8 O C 2 H 8 N C 2 H 4 O CH 4 N 2 O R > 5300 required

base peak molecular ion Fragment isotope patterns The Mass Spectrum

Isotope Patterns CO N C 2 H M+1 M+2 M

Fragmentation

Alkanes

Cyclic Alkanes

Alkenes

Aromatics

Alcohols

Phenols

Aliphatic Ethers

Aromatic Ethers

Ketones

Aromatic Ketones

Aldehydes

Carboxylic Acids

Esters

Lactones

Thiols