Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

WAIT !! Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

Argumentative speeches and persuasive speech can be the same. They are similar because both have the same purpose.. TO MAKE AN INFLUENCE ! They only differ in Style ! Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

An argument is about an issue which people, quite reasonably, hold different views. It means other views are not necessarily wrong - just different. During your argument, you recognize that opposing views exist, to give you the opportunity to refute these views tactfully in order to show why you feel that your own view is the more worthy one to hold. Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

Persuasion has a more single-minded goal. It is based on a personal conviction that a particular way of thinking is the only sensible way to think. As a result, you argument is expected to be more personal, one-sided, and passionate. Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

The Greeks were famous for their teaching and learning as well as their arguing and persuasion. They called the art of using language persuasively rhetoric and, still today, any use of language that makes it seem more powerful is called rhetorical language. Famous examples will be Aristotle and Cicero Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

Character (ethics) ‘Like you, I too feel a sense of horror …’ Reason (logic) 'If we don't do this... then...' Emotion ' Can we genuinely call ourselves human beings when we allow this kind of thing to continue..’ Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

1) Catch the reader’s attention. 2) Thesis Statement: last sentence in introduction. An argumentative thesis contains: - a SHOULD (or SHOULD NOT) element -a BECAUSE element

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani For Example; Stricter environmental laws SHOULD NOT be implemented to prevent global warming BECAUSE the earth’s warming is a natural ecological stage not produced by human intervention and because business benefits more without these laws. (Show other reasons for earth’s warming than human causes and show business benefits.)

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani 1) First Opposition Point (“The opposition believes…”) (short – in one to two sentences) Respond/refute that point (“However,…”) 2) Second Opposition Point (“The opposition believes…”) (short – in one to two sentences) Respond/refute that point (“On the contrary,…”) 3) Third Opposition Point (“The opposition believes…”) (short – in one to two sentences) Respond/refute that point (“But,…”)

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani Facts: Empirical evidence, scientifically verifiable statements, or definitions Truths: Statements that many people believe are true Statistics: numbers, percentages, polls Examples: Case histories and scenarios Expert Testimony: Credentialed authorities or experts in the field Eyewitness Testimony: Personal experiences of others related to the topic Logos: Logic and Reasoning Ethos: Reliability and Credibility of sources Pathos: Emotional Appeals (keep to a minimum, like salt)

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani Tie in the “should” element to the “because” element which you have just proven in the body of your paper. Restate thesis, summarize arguments End with a note of finality: a call to action for example

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

Topic: Specific Purposes: A list of what you want to accomplish throughout your speech. Proposition: a combination of your thesis statement and what action you want your audience to take. Attention Step: keeping the audience’s attention. Need Step: convincing the audience that this is a problem that affects them and that your change is necessary.

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani Satisfaction Step: how the audience will benefit from this change. Visualization Step: verbally picture for the audience what their future will be like if they accept your proposal and/or deny your proposal. Action Step: specifically tell what actions the audience should take. References

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani

A. Attention grabber. B. Clarify the goal of your writing topic. What do you want to persuade them to think, change, act or to move exactly? C. Preview main points: D. Relate the issue to your audience. E. Credibility: Why are you talking about this speech topic? Transition sentence

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani A.First Point 1. First Subpoint a. First Sub-subtopic b. Second Sub-subtopic c. Third Sub-subtopic 2. Second Subpoint a. First Sub-subtopic b. Second Sub-subtopic c. Third Sub-subtopic 3. Third Subpoint a. First Sub-subtopic b. Second Sub-subtopic c. Third Sub-subtopic B. Second Point

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani A.Signal the end. B. Summarize main ideas. C. Close with a concluding device or call to action.

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani Should schools require their students to wear a school uniform? Is physical force a justifiable method of punishing children? Does television have a negative influence on society? Should cell phone use in cars be banned We are becoming overwhelmingly dependent on computers. Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits? Should we do more to deal with the problem of domestic violence, or is the problem exaggerated. Should the animals be used for scientific research? Is it humanly? Advertising: Information or Manipulation

Miss.Mona AL-Kahtani