Teaching P A Chapters 4 & 5 Daphne Harley, MPA

Linking Org Culture, Diversity & Social Equity Are traditional teaching methods compatible with current realities? Are traditional teaching methods compatible with current realities? Why is including diversity important in PA education? Why is including diversity important in PA education? Does an org’s culture have an impact on how the org deals with social equity? Does an org’s culture have an impact on how the org deals with social equity? What is social equity? What is social equity?

Social Equity Fairness, Justice and Equity in the way: Fairness, Justice and Equity in the way: Public agencies are managed, Public agencies are managed, Public policies are developed, Public policies are developed, Public policies are implemented, Public policies are implemented, Services are delivered. Services are delivered. Considers 4 Criteria; Considers 4 Criteria; fairness, access, quality & outcomes fairness, access, quality & outcomes

Organization Culture Shared Values, Symbols & Rituals Shared Values, Symbols & Rituals Policies & Procedures of Organization Policies & Procedures of Organization Ways duties and responsibilities are done Ways duties and responsibilities are done How org relates to customers, clients or environment How org relates to customers, clients or environment Determines how employees and clients will be treated Determines how employees and clients will be treated

Traditional vs Citizen Oriented Culture TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL Authoritarian Mgmt Top-Down Mgmt High Control Low communication Low initiative Highly Directive High Obedience High Conformity CITIZEN ORIENTED CITIZEN ORIENTED Citizen is focus Citizen is focus Judged on Quality Judged on Quality Service is Shared value Service is Shared value High Quality Service High Quality Service High contact w/ Citizens High contact w/ Citizens Prompt service is a shared value internally Prompt service is a shared value internally Problems that arise are thoroughly analyzed Problems that arise are thoroughly analyzed

Transforming The Culture Diagnose Present Culture Diagnose Present Culture Explain Need for Change Internally Explain Need for Change Internally Define Values Desired Define Values Desired Involve Management Involve Management Share Need for Change Externally Share Need for Change Externally Change Symbols Change Symbols Change Training Change Training Revise Values Periodically as Needed Revise Values Periodically as Needed

Discussion Issue Why does Author state that issues of diversity and social equity can create instability and uncertainty in organization’s mission, procedures etc. and upset the status quo? Why does Author state that issues of diversity and social equity can create instability and uncertainty in organization’s mission, procedures etc. and upset the status quo?

DIVERSITY vs AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Valuing Diversity Goes Beyond Valuing Diversity Goes Beyond Is A Paradigm Shift Is A Paradigm Shift Quality and Diversity, Quality and Diversity, Not an “Either” “ Or” Choice Not an “Either” “ Or” Choice There Are Differences There Are Differences

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Quantitative Quantitative Legally Driven Legally Driven Remedial Remedial Based on Assimilation Model Based on Assimilation Model Opens door in hiring process Opens door in hiring process Resisted due to perceived fears, restrictions and reverse discrimination Resisted due to perceived fears, restrictions and reverse discrimination

VALUING DIFFERENCES Is Qualitative Is Qualitative Ethically Driven Ethically Driven Idealistic Idealistic Based on Diversity Model Based on Diversity Model Opens Attitudes and Minds Opens Attitudes and Minds Resistance due to fear of Change & discomfort with differences Resistance due to fear of Change & discomfort with differences

EMBRACING DIVERSITY Is Behavioral Is Behavioral Strategically driven Strategically driven Pragmatic Pragmatic Based on Synergy Model Based on Synergy Model Opens the System Opens the System Resistance due to Denial of Demographic realities. Resistance due to Denial of Demographic realities.

California, Are We Embracing? How is the general populace reacting to the changing demographics? How is the general populace reacting to the changing demographics?

California’s Reaction 1994 – Prop 187 – Passed 1994 – Prop 187 – Passed Restricts ability of illegal immigrants to access state social services – Prop 209 – Passed 1996 – Prop 209 – Passed Eliminated preferential programs in public employment, college admissions and gov’t contracting based on gender & ethnicity

California’s Reaction 1998 – Prop Passed 1998 – Prop Passed Required the elimination of most public school bilingual education programs – Prop 54 – FAILED Sought to eliminate the racial classification of any individuals in all public records.

MPA Programs How are schools of public administration responding? How are schools of public administration responding? Student & Faculty Recruitment Student & Faculty Recruitment Courses Courses CSUB? CSUB?