Leon Mualem — NNN07 The NO A Experiment Status Leon Mualem California Institute of Technology (for the NO A collaboration) Workshop on Next Generation Neutrino and Nucleon Detectors 2007 Hamamatsu, Japan

Leon Mualem — NNN07 The NO A Experiment Uses a 15kT detector, NO A Positioned off axis of the Fermilab NuMI beam Run for 6 years Goals: –Observation of the transition   e –Measurement of  13 to factor of ~2 –Measurement of sin 2 (2  23 ) –Determination of mass hierarchy (sign of  m 2 23 )

The NOvA Collaboration 25 Institutions, 129 Physicists and Engineers Argonne, Athens, Caltech, College de France, Fermilab, Harvard, Indiana, ITEP- Moscow, Michigan State, Minnesota, Minnesota-Duluth, Munich, Northern Illinois, Ohio State, Rio de Janeiro, South Carolina, Southern Methodist University, Stanford, Stonybrook, Texas, Texas A&M, Tufts, UCLA, Virginia, William and Mary Leon Mualem — NNN07

Approximate Schedule Apr 2006: US DOE CD-1 review. Recommends approval Sep 2007: Cooperative Agreement signed Oct 2007: US DOE CD-2/3A review –Baseline, advanced procurement Nov 2008: Prototype Near detector ready Mar 2010: Beneficial Occupancy of the FD building –Outfitting and installation begins Oct 2010: 9 month shutdown for accelerator upgrades Jun 2011: First Superblock Ready (~2.5kT) Aug 2011: 400kW beam commissioning April 2012-Jul 2012: Shutdown for upgrades to 700kW beam commissioning Dec 2012: Far Detector completed Leon Mualem — NNN07

Leon Mualem — ICHEP06 Fermilab NuMI Beam

Leon Mualem — NNN07 Off-Axis beam features Narrow energy distribution Tuned Energy by selecting off-axis angle –Maximize ν e appearance –Minimize ν μ Higher Intensity at a given energy Suppressed high energy tail –Reduces NC contamination —NUMI-On-axis beam —14mrad off-axis beam (no oscillation)

Proton Plans and Possibilities Leon Mualem — NNN07 Project X 2300

Leon Mualem — NNN07 Site for Far Detector: Ash River, MN This site is at 810 km from Fermilab, km off-axis Farthest available site in the U.S. along the NuMI beam –US 53, St. Louis County Road all weather access

15.4m 70m Leon Mualem — NNN07 NO A Far Detector  15 ktons  15.4m x 15.4m x 70m  1003 liquid scintillator planes, (~80% active)  Scintillator cells 3.8 x 6.0 x 1540 cms  Read out from one side per plane with APDs  Expected average signal at far end of 30pe

Leon Mualem — NNN07 The Basic Detector element Liquid Scintillator 5.5% pseudocumene as scintillant Mineral oil and waveshifters (PPO, bis-MSB) PVC cell for primary containment Horizontals:3.87 cm x 6.0 cm x 15.4 m long Verticals: 3.76 cm x 5.7 cm x 15.4 m long Highly reflective, 15% titanium dioxide Looped wavelength shifting fiber to collect light 0.7 mm diameter, double clad, K27 waveshifter Almost perfect mirror, 3.6*light in 1 fiber Avalanche Photodiode 85% quantum efficiency Gain of 100, operate at -15 o C Low noise amplifier

Technical Progress IPND extrusions at manufacturer Things are happening Prototype Extrusions have been made Prototype Photodetectors and readout electronics delivered Leon Mualem — NNN07

APD Photodetector Hamamatsu Si Avalanche Photodiode (APD) –Variant of commercial S8550 SiAPD –Custom design to match to fiber aspect ratio –Bare die mounted to PCB via gold bump thermo-compression Leon Mualem — NNN07

APD Advantage Wavelength (nm) 85% QE Matches fiber Emission Leon Mualem — NNN07

Front End Board Low-Noise ASIC External ADC (AD41240) FPGA, control and DSP ASIC ADC FPGA Leon Mualem — NNN07

e CC event e p  e - p  + E =2.5GeV E e =1.9GeV E p =1.1GeV E  =0.2GeV

Leon Mualem — NNN07  CC event 2GeV muon CC event

Leon Mualem — NNN07  CC event  n  - n  +  o E =2.8 GeV E  =0.5GeV E n =1.0GeV E  + =0.4GeV E  o =1.8GeV

Leon Mualem — NNN07 NC event  N   p  o E =10.6 GeV E p =1.04GeV E  o =1.97GeV

Current Analysis Results Completely new analysis written in new framework (transition from Fortran to C++) New reconstruction algorithms New event selection algorithms New analysis at least as powerful as previous. Increases e selection efficiency New simulation codes –Upgrades to neutrino interaction code –Upgrades to flux model –increases background (may overestimate) Leon Mualem — NNN07

Electron Identification for NOvA ~20 variables in Neural Net Example distributions Overall efficiency ~30% (optimizable) ANN Output signal bkg. NC  CC beam e Leon Mualem — NNN07

Detector Performance Optimize Figure of Merit (FOM=sig/√bkd) performance separately for and anti- Use 18E20 POT, sin 2 (2  13 ) =0.1,  m 2 =2.4E-3, no matter effects Upgrades to neutrino event generator Updates to predicted neutrino flux Updated detector mass and configuration –15kT, slightly shorter modules, photodetector readout Leon Mualem — NNN07

Performance optimization Leon Mualem — NNN07 Neutrino Figure of merit (sig/√bkd) Maximized at 15.3, and 26% selection efficiency Anti-Neutrino Figure of merit (sig/√bkd) Maximized at 9.5, and 20% selection efficiency Combined Figure of merit 18.0

3  Sensitivity to sin 2 (2  13 ) ≠ 0 Sensitivity vs  for non-zero sin 2 (2  13 ) at 700kW, 1.2MW, and 2.3MW Leon Mualem — NNN07

Mass Hierarchy Resolution If you assume a measurement of P(ν e )=0.02, what does that imply about θ 13 and the mass hierarchy, and how can you distinguish them. Determine P using anti- neutrinos and/or measure θ 13 in reactor experiment.

95% CL Sensitivity to the Mass Ordering Inverted Normal Leon Mualem — NNN07

Measurement of sin 2 (2  23 ) If sin 2 (2  23 ) = 1, then it can be measured to Otherwise, it can be measured to ~0.02.

Summary Progress in many areas –Reviews and administrative milestones and achievements –Technical – production of prototype detectors –Analysis Development of new reconstruction Development of new event selection More improvements possible; this area is under active development Leon Mualem — NNN07

Conclusions The NO A experiment exhibits significant sensitivity to the current and future issues of neutrino oscillations –Electron neutrino appearance -- sin 2 (2  13 ) –Muon neutrino disappearance -- sin 2 (2  23 ) –mass hierarchy resolution –CP violation measurement Upgraded beam intensity needed to reach all of these goals Final thanks to NO A Collaborators for their contributions Leon Mualem — NNN07