CPV measurements with Belle/KEKB Stephen L. Olsen Univ. of Hawai’i Feb 17, 2003 LCPAC meeting at KEK
B0B0 td B0B0 V tb V cb KSKS J/ KSKS V* 2 sin2 1 V tb V* tdtd V cb B0B0 B0B0 Sanda, Bigi & Carter: + 1 : interfere B f CP with B B f CP ( ) V* td theory errors ~1% (aka sin2
zz more B tags B - B B + B (tags) t z/c βγ more B tags Now an established & well understood expt’l technique sin2 1 = 0.719±0.074±0.035
Belle & BaBar agree sin2 1 (Belle) =0.719±0.074± sin2 1 (BaBar) =0.741±0.067±0.033 sin2 1 (World Av.) =0.734±0.055 theory errors ~1% Agree on value, not name!! Agrees with SM
What’s next? sin2 shift to precision measurement mode high statistics better control of systematics measure other angles start with measure sin2 in non-ccs decay modes sensitive to new physics
2 ( ) from B + B0B0 B0B0 V* td tdtd V tb V V ++ ++ B0B0 + V* 2 V 2 tdub sin2 2 ub (aka sin2
Must deal with “Penguin Pollution” i.e. additional, non-tree amplitudes with different strong & weak phases B0B0 ++ V tb V td * R q ( t) 1+q [A cos( m t) + S sin( m t)] q=+1 B 0 tag 1 B 0 tag direct CPV mixing-induced CPV
t (ps) First results from Belle (Mar 02) 0.27 0.31 (stat.) (syst.) S = 1.21 A = million B-meson pairs (42fb -1 ) 162 events in the signal region “Study of CPV Asymmetries in B 0 + – Decays” PRL 89, (2002) Results indicate large CP asymmetries, outside of A 2 +S 2 1 allowed region
Outside physical region & some (~2 ) disagreement with BaBar
Changes since last March More data ! [85 10 6 B pairs (78 fb -1 )] Analysis improvements: better track reconstruction algorithm more sophisticated t resolution function inclusion of additional signal candidates by optimizing event selection Thorough frequentist statistical analyses use of Monte Carlo (MC) pseudo-experiments based on control samples
e + e - qq (q=u,d,s,c) continuum background suppression Event topology Modified Fox-Wolfram moments Fisher discriminants Angular distribution B flight direction Combined into a single likelihood ratio Select 2 regions for each flavor tag class LR > LRmin < LR Event and time reconstruction (3) Flow Flavor tagging Vertex and t Continuum suppression LRmin continuum (MC) class 1class 2 class 3class 4 class 5class 6 B 0 + – Selection
B 0 example ++
B 0 + – candidates LR > + - : 57 K : 22 qq : 406 total : 485 LRmin < LR ≤ + - : 106 K : 41 qq : 128 total : 275
Event and time reconstruction (4) Flow Flavor tagging Vertex and t Continuum suppression The same algorithm as that used for sin2 1 meas. Resolution mostly determined by the tag-side vtx. B lifetime demonstration with 85 million B pairs Example vertices Vertex reconstruction B 0 D , D* , D* , J/ K S and J/ K* 0 B 0 lifetime 0.018(stat) ps Time resolution (rms) 1.43ps (PGD02: ps) B 0 + – Selection
Time-dependent fit Unbinned maximum-likelihood fit (no physical-region constraint) 2 free parameters ( A , S in the final fit E-M bc dist. B 0 D , D* , D* , J/ K S and J/ K* 0 Lifetime fit (single Gaussian outlier) The fit program reproduces our sin2 1 results
Reconstruction summary Now we are able to obtain A and S But let’s go through several crosschecks before opening the box. Established techniques for event selection background rejection flavor tagging vertexing time-difference ( t) fit In particular, background well under control Common techniques used for branching fractions, m d, B, sin2 1
B 0 K + – control sample Positively-identified kaons (reversed particle-ID requirements w.r.t. selection) total K yield: 610 events LR > LRmin < LR ≤ 0.825
Mixing fit using B 0 K + m d =0.55 ps 0.07 Consistent with the world average (0.489 0.008) ps -1 PDG2002 (OF SF)/(OF+SF)
: B =(1.42 0.14) ps K : B =(1.46 0.08) ps BG shape fit Lifetime measurements world average (PDG2002) (1.542 0.016) ps background treatment is correct ! Very different bkgnd fracs
CP fits to the B K sample q=+1 q= 1 S K = 0.08 0.16 A K = 0.03 0.11 ( consistent with counting analysis) No asymmetry
Null asymmetry tests A = S = Null asymmetry
fit results After background subtraction 5-50 Still see a large CP Violation! 5-50 Asymmetry with background subtracted
Fit results After background subtraction Asymmetry with background subtracted 5-50 A = 0.27(stat) 0.08(syst) S = 1.23 0.41(stat) (syst) 0.07 data points with LR > curves from combined fit result
Likelihoods & errors The probability for such small S errors is ~1.2% we use most probable errors from toy-MC ln(L) is not parabolic
Physical region A 2 + S 2 ≤ 1 Probability that we have a fluctuation equal to or larger than the fit to data (input values at the physical boundary) 16.6% [Note] prob. outside the boundary 60.1% (~independent of statistics) How often are we outside the physical region ? A = 0.27(stat) 0.08(syst) S = 1.23 0.41(stat) (syst) 0.07 Fit results:
Cross-checks Prev result A S
3.4 Evidence for CP violation in B 0 + – (A ,S ) CL regions
Constraining 2 | P/T| = (Gronau-Rosner PRD65, (2002) S A
2 (deg.) (deg.) allowed regions Input values for 1 and |P/T| 1 =23.5 (sin2 1 =0.73) |P/T| = 0.3 2 constraint w/o isospin analysis ! both A and S large less restrictive on < 0 favored no constraint on at 3 Constraints on 2
2 (deg.) (deg.) |P/T| = 0.15 |P/T| = 0.30 |P/T| = 0.45 Consistent with theoretical predictions Larger |P/T| favored ( 1 = 23.5 ) |P/T| dependence Constraints on 2 (cont’d)
Constraints on 2 78 ≤ 2 ≤ 152 22 (for: 0.15 |P/T| 0.45)
1 dependence is small 78 ≤ 2 ≤ 152 (95.5% C.L.)
Strategies for 3 D 0 CP V ub A max ~ 2R ~ 78 fb –1 47 CP-even evts 50 CP-odd evts A = 0.12 ± fb –1 : A/A max ~0.3 Gronau, London, Wyler D 0 CP V cb 3 2 KK KK
Strategies for 3 (cont’d) doubly Cabibbo-suppressed A max ~ 1; but rate is small 80 fb –1 : K+K+ M bc Only ~ 15 D o evts, Cabibbo-suppressed D o down by ~1/20 V ub Atwood, Dunietz, Soni V cb BDoBDo This strategy is very clean but requires lots & lots of data
Are there non-SM CPV phases?
Measure sin2 1 using loop-dominated processes: Example:, ’, K K no SM weak phases SM: sin2 1 = sin2 1 from B J/ K S unless there are other, non-SM particles in the loop eff
similar to (g-2) well defined technique & target –theory & expt’l errors are well controlled –errors on SM expectations are small (~5%) SM terms are highly suppressed –SM loops contain t-quarks & W-bosons – effects of heavy non-SM particles can be large look for ppm effects look for pp1 effects (i.e.~100%) (g-2):sin2 1 eff : SM loop particle: SM loop particles: t & W lowest-order SM diagrams look for effects of heavy new particles in a well understood SM loop process
These channels are very clean & the techniques are understood Won’t reach experimental limits until ~100 x more data
sin2 1 eff results: (SM: sin2 =+0.72± 0.05) 2.2σ off (hep-ex/ ) PRD(r) 78fb -1 0.73 ± 0.66 B KSB KS S ± ± 0.36 B ’K S BK+KKSBK+KKS OK
CPV with Belle (summary) 1 well established – next: high precision measurements 2 1 st expt’l limits are established –interesting near future 3 just beginning non-SM phases search has begun – – 2.2 discrepancy seen in K S –BaBar has seen a similar discrepancy in K S
Conclusion We’ve accomplished a lot in CPV There is still a lot more to be done KEKB & Belle are up to the task