Figure 12.4d Principle of Original Lateral Continuity strata (layers) extend laterally until they thin to nothing (pinch out) at the edge of the depositional basin

Figure 12.4 f Principle of Inclusions any piece of a rock that has become included in another rock must be older than the host rock

Figure 12.4g Principle of Baked Contacts igneous rocks “bakes” the surrounding rocks and must be younger than the rocks it bakes

Figure 10.4 Lab Manual Disconformity – sometimes hard to recognize

Figure 10.4 Lab Manual Angular Unconformity – obvious time break

Figure 12.8a Siccar Point, Scotland

Figure 10.4 Lab Manual Nonconformity

Figure 8.5 lab manual

Figure 8.4 lab manual

Figure 8-6

Figure 12.5 Age of Igneous Rocks can be used to bracket the age of sedimentary rocks and deformation

Earliest fossils First shelled organisms First fish First land plants First amphibians First Reptiles Coal forming swamps Formation of Pangea Extinction event First mammals, birds, and dinosaurs Extinction of dinosaurs Ice Ages