The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 43 Science and Application Impact Study 2: Geostrophic Current (OCCAM) < 250 km< 1000 km OCCAM

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 44 Knowledge of the marine geoid to 1 cm at a scale of 100 km will ensure: mapping of short-wavelength features ( km) of the dynamic topography to 1-2 cm accuracy on a global basis identification of practically all features within the mean geostrophic current field by the improved knowledge of the dynamic topography better understanding of the role of the positions, strengths and dynamics of the short-spatial scale fronts and jets in controlling and influencing the ocean circulation In turn greater confidence in the construction of the next generation ocean and climate models is achieved. Science and Application Impact Study 2: Conclusion

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 45 study areas: - several sections in the South Atlantic input data: - dynamic ocean topography from hydrography inverse model assimilating hydrographic data and: - altimeter derived mean sea surface, - best available gravity field model (EGM96) - GOCE simulated geoid error field Science and Application Impact Study 3: Ocean Flux Estimates

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 46 Science and Application Impact Study 3: Ocean Flux Estimates Mean dynamic topography obtained from inverse model, T/P and EGM96 Sections with transport estimates are marked.

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 47 Science and Application Impact Study 3: Results reduction in transport uncertainty when the inverse model is constrained by simulated GOCE geoid height error spectrum instead of best available gravity field model from EGM96

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 48 Knowledge of the marine geoid to 1 cm at a scale of 100 km will ensure: significant reduction in oceanic transport uncertainties; -in general most prominent in the upper ocean - as large as 30%-50% for the South Atlantic - up to 60% in narrow and intense current paths - in absolute terms this typically range from 1 to 4 Sv with maxima of the order of 10 Sv (1Sv = 10 6 m 3 /s) Science and Application Impact Study 3: Conclusion

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 49 Science and Application Oceanography - Summary

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 50 The GOCE gravity field model with an an accuracy of 1 mgal at a scale of 100 km will: advance the capabilities to estimate polar ice sheet dynamics and volume changes through combination of bedrock topography derived from space gravity and ice sheet surface topography Science and Application Ice Sheets

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 51 The GOCE derived gravity field model and geoid will provide: unified global height systems for various sciences & applications “levelled” heights from the combination of GPS and the geoid model inertial navigation freed of gravity induced errors better satellite orbits Science and Application Geodesy

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 52 Science and Application Geodesy - Levelled Heights

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 53 Science and Application Geodesy - Summary

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 54 Science and Application Sea Level Change Study: Tidal Records

The Four Candidate Earth Explorer Core Missions Consultative Workshop October 1999, Granada, Spain, Revised by CCT GOCE S 55 Science and Application Sea Level Change: Conclusion solid earth sea levelgeodesyiceocean gravity anomalies geoidgravity anomalies geoid tide gauges altimetry positioning (GPS) ice topography ocean altimetry post glacial Rebound mean ocean circulation ice mass balance orbits unified height systems levelled heights unified height system bedrock topography mean ocean circulation seismic tomograpy topography deformations laboratory mass balance of ice sheets constraints on mass & heat transport anomalous density structure gravity anomalies INS + orbits ++++