Team 18: Design Optimization of a Supersonic Nozzle

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Presentation transcript:

Team 18: Design Optimization of a Supersonic Nozzle Marc Linares Project Coordinator Alessandro Ciampitti Optimization Engineer Marco Robaina CFD Engineer Advisor: Prof. George S. Dulikravich

Design Optimization of a Supersonic Nozzle http://www.colorado.edu/MCEN/cmes/czajkowski/gallery/slender_0.075_density.png De Laval nozzle Convergent Section Throat Divergent Section

Timeline for Presentation Problem Statement Applications Optimization Goals Design Considerations Software Methods Manufacturing Validation Project Timeline Conclusion

Problem Statement Non-uniformities of the flow at the nozzle exit due to upstream conditions & gradients Pressure Temperature Density Speed Shock wave development inside nozzle Difference of inlet stagnation pressure and exit pressure

Applications Rocket Propulsion Wind Tunnel http://tfm.usc.edu/uploads/articles/6711/img_6347_sp12_b-crop__full.jpg http://www.coe.montana.edu/me/faculty/george/The%20SWT%20story_rev01_files/image006.jpg

Motivation Global Approach Supersonic wind tunnel test facilities improvements Optimized nozzle shape can maximize thrust force Ø Many countries are developing space programs Optimized nozzle will have minimum length & weight Global Approach

Optimization Goals

Minimize Flow Separation Avoid Shock Wave Development Back Flow Divergent Section Length Weight Cost

Exit-to-Throat Area Ratio Maximize Exit Mach Number Exit Velocity Thrust Force Exit Flow Uniformity Exit-to-Throat Area Ratio

Design Considerations 2-D/3-D flow Isentropic Quasi-One dimensional Euler equations non-viscous flow Navier-Stokes equations viscous turbulent flow Chemical properties are not considered Shock wave location Compressible flow Nozzle selection (feasibility) thttp://www.jacobsrocketry.com/general/graphics/de_leval.JPG

Design Alternative 1: Conical Simple Design (feasibility) Manufacturing Simulation Optimization Constant half angle at divergent section Velocity components in flow http://www.tecaeromex.com/imagenes/tobera3.jpg http://www.braeunig.us/space/pics/fig1-04.gif

Design Alternative 2: Bell Most commonly used design Parabolic cone shape Half angle constantly changes Shorter length Efficient at design exit pressure http://cs.astrium.eads.net/sp/launcher-propulsion/manufacturing/images/ht-vulcain.jpg bell nozzle http://www.braeunig.us/space/pics/fig1-05.gif

Design Alternative 3: Dual Bell Most difficult design of the three Altitude compensation (Ambient Pressure) Higher pressure: Wall inflection separates flow Lower pressure: Flow through entire geometry Higher overall efficiency for changes in pressure Lower efficiency at optimal pressure http://www.kspc.jaxa.jp/japanese/image/reserch/fun_03.jpg

Software Modules Involved Geometric Shape & Grid CFD Analysis Response Surface & Optimization

Modeling SolidWorks/ANSYS Initial Designs (from previous work/designs) Final Design (from optimization)

CFD Analysis LOCI 2-D/3-D flow analysis Hot flow/cold flow http://flowsquare.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Laval_Mach_04k.png

Optimization Process ModeFrontier Optimization of nozzle parameters Response Surface Evolutionary Based Algorithm Particle Swarm (PS) Optimal Solution

Manufacturing Dimensional Analysis (small scale) True scale versus model Plexiglas design Alternative Materials being considered

Relevant Standards AS 9100 Quality management of aerospace industry Created by SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers ASME Y14.5 Many standards are proprietary http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-10/html/jsc2004e45198.html

Validation Cold flow testing to be conducted with a compressed air cylinder Measuring devices: Thermocouples Pressure gauge http://www.harborfreight.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_23181.jpg

Project Timeline & Responsibilities

Summary: 8 Month Capstone Project Develop a system for better performing supersonic nozzles Maximizing Mach Number & Flow Uniformity Minimizing Divergent Length & Flow Separation Use of different software programs Analysis & Optimization Manufacturing & Testing Standards Cold gas