CHAPTER 4 Information Security

Announcements Friday Class Quiz 1 Review Monday Class Quiz 1 – Access Basics Questions/Comments

Security is constantly evolving… XNrTs

Personal Security How secure are you? Do you secure your information? How hackable is your digital life?

Key Information Security Terms Information Security Vulnerability Threat Exposure/Attack © Sebastian/AgeFotostock America, Inc.

Introduction to Information Security © Sebastian/AgeFotostock America, Inc. Is it possible to secure the Internet?

Five Factors Increasing the Vulnerability of Information Resources 1. Today’s interconnected, interdependent, wirelessly-networked business environment 2. Smaller, faster, cheaper computers and storage devices 3. Decreasing skills necessary to be a hacker 4. Organized crime taking over cybercrime 5. Lack of management support

1. Networked Business Environment

2. Smaller, Faster Devices © PhotoEdit/Alamy Limited © laggerbomber-Fotolia.com © Dragonian/iStockphoto

3. Decreasing Skills Needed to be a Hacker New & Easier Tools make it very easy to attack the Network Attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated © Sven Taubert/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

4. Organized Crime Taking Over Cybercrime © Stockbroker xtra/AgeFotostock America, Inc. Cost of Cybercrime Any Guesses?

5. Lack of Management Support © Sigrid Olsson/Photo Alto/Age Fotostock

Categorizing Security Threats Security Threats: Unintentional and Deliberate

Unintentional Threats: Most Dangerous Employees Who are the most dangerous employees? Why are these the most dangerous? © WAVEBREAKMEDIA LTD/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Unintentional Threats: Human Errors Common Human Mistakes: Carelessness Devices s Internet Poor password selection and use Ex. Bank Employees Ex. Gawker hack – most popular passwords. Any guesses on #1?

Unintentional Threats: Social Engineering the art of manipulating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information. Pretexting Phishing Baiting Vishing (IVR or phone phishing)

Deliberate Threats to Information Security Theft of equipment or information Examples Dumpster diving Laptop stolen from breaking in

Deliberate Threats (continued) Identify theft Stealing info off org databases Phishing Compromises to intellectual property Frederic Lucano/Stone/Getty Images, Inc.

Deliberate Threats (continued) Software attacks Virus Worm (see the rapid spread of the Slammer worm)Slammer worm Trojan horse Logic Bomb Phishing attacks Distributed denial-of-service attacks Ex. US BanksUS Banks

Deliberate Threats (continued) Alien Software Spyware Spamware Cookies Targeted Attack Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) attacks Stuxnet © Manfred Grafweg/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

What Organizations Are Doing to Protect Themselves “The only truly secure system is powered off, cast in a block of concrete, and sealed in a lead room with armed guards, and even then I have my doubts”

What Organizations Are Doing to Protect Themselves How do you protect your own networks?

Information Security Controls 1. Physical controls 2. Access controls 3. Communications (network) controls Physical Controls Access Controls Communication Controls

Information Security Controls 1. Physical controls 2. Access controls 3. Communications (network) controls Access Controls

Access Controls: Authentication (proof of identity) Something the user is Something the user has Something the user does Something the user knows passwords passphrases

Access Controls: Authorization Permissions issued based on verified identity Privilege – operations that users can perform Least privilege – idea of granting privlege only if there is a justifiable need

Information Security Controls 1. Physical controls 2. Access controls 3. Communications (network) controls Communication Controls

Communications Controls Firewalls Anti-malware systems Whitelisting and Blacklisting Encryption VPN

Communications Controls -Firewalls Home Corporate China Firewall

Controls: Encryption (PKI) How Public Key Encryption Work s

Communication or Network Controls Virtual private networking

Protection of data Government Regulations HIPPA Sarbanes-Oxley PA74

Need to understand Risk Risk Management (identify, control, minimize) 1. Risk analysis 2. Risk mitigation (take action) 1. Acceptance 2. Limitation (most common) 3. Transference 3. Controls Evaluation control > cost of asset then the control is not cost effective © Youri van der Schalk/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Business Continuity Planning, Backup, and Recovery Provide guidance to people who keep business operating after a disaster occurs. Options: Hot Site Warm Site Cold Site

Personal Risk Assessment To understand your own risk, get with another person and create an assessment. List out the following: 1. Assets (e.g. laptop, external drive, etc.) 2. Threats (e.g. natural, virus, etc.) 3. Controls (how do you control threats) Other ways to minimize personal risk

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the five factors that contribute to the increasing vulnerability of information resources, and provide a specific example of each one.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 2. Compare and contrast human mistakes and social engineering, and provide a specific example of each one.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued) 3. Define the three risk mitigation strategies, and provide an example of each one in the context of you owning a home.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued) 4. Identify the three major types of controls that organizations can use to protect their information resources, and provide an example of each one.