China In the 20 th Century

Standards SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21 st century. d.Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square.

Huang He, Mekong, Yangtze, Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Gobi, Taklimakan, Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam

What do we know? 1.How many people live in China? 2.What kind of government? 3.What type of economy? 4.Where do people live? 5.Environmental issues? 6.Major geographic features? 7.Key border nations?

The new Republic of China § Nationalist Party ended Chinese Dynasty rule with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in § Sun Yat-Sen was 1 st President ( ) § Sought to end foreign control in China’s affairs § Unstable times

Chiang Kai-shek Second leader of the Republic of China 1929 formed Nationalist Republic of China Civil War with Mao Zedong and Communist Party

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary One of the founders of Chinese Communist Party Led the Long March ( ) after defeat by Chiang’s army 1949 Defeated Nationalist- created People’s Republic of China Chairman of the Communist Party ( ) Mao Zedong

The Long March 6,000 mile trek of the Red Army of the Chinese Communist (chased by the Nationalist Party). Communist relocated from Southeast to Northwest. They crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers. Marched without supplies- foraging and gathering 100,000 men began the trek; only 8,000 arrived 1 year later in Yan’an.

The Long March

The Long March… Mount Jiajin- 1 st mountain on Long March

Mao Zedong - Man of the People The Three Rules of Discipline ● P rompt obedience to orders, ● No confiscation of peasant property, and ● Prompt delivery directly to authorities of all items confiscated from landlords. Eight Points for Attention Be polite when speaking Be honest when buying and selling Return all borrowed articles Pay compensation for everything damaged Do not hit or swear at others Do not damage crops Do not harass females Do not mistreat prisoners

Communist Revolution Nationalist and Communist are side by side during WWII. The end of the World War was the beginning of …CIVIL WAR! Chinese Red Army (Communist ) takes power from Nationalist Shanghai- 1949

The Communist Victory

How did they win? § Mao won support of peasants – land § Mao won support of women § Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics § Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt § Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

Time Line China 1929 Chiang Kai-shek forms nationalist republic Long March of Communists World War II: Japan Invades China Communists and Nationalist work together Civil War won by Communists Mao leads People’s Republic

The People’s Republic of China Mao Zedong announces formation of PRC on October 1, 1949 in front of the Forbidden City in Beijing Communist rule in China begins Wanted collective (Command Economy) ownership in agriculture and industry

Communist China Under Mao Industrialized China Increased literacy Class privileges ended One-party dictatorship Denied people basic rights and freedoms Overtook Inner Mongolia & Tibet

Great Leap Forward, 1958 ● 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry ● Established Collectives ● Groups of people who live and work together to achieve production quotas ● Property held and controlled by government ● Ended after 2 years – failure for Mao ● Farmers missed owning land, produced less, no motivation to work hard ● Poor crops due to bad weather and “close planting” Resulted in massive famine Over 10 million died in 1960 alone

Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution, 1966 Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution, 1966 ● Renew revolutionary spirit and establish an equal society ● Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place- students encouraged to leave school and fight anything that promoted classes ● Red Guards were students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers- some were jailed, some killed ● Fear of Capitalism- private ownership *Result was chaos* Mao’s Attempt to take back Absolute power!

The Red Guard

Propaganda Posters What do you see…

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping becomes new leader of China Opens markets to limited Capitalism to encourage growth. Allows limited westernization (Coca- Cola in 1978, KFC in 1987) GDP rockets upward. CommandMarket MaoDeng

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Tiananmen Square, 1989 Located in the city of Beijing Size: 109 acres Several important monuments and buildings are located there

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Tiananmen Square, 1989 Thousands of students and workers protested for democratic reforms and corruption in the government. Occupied square for 7 weeks.

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Democracy — Our  Common Ideal!

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Goddess of Democracy

Tiananmen Square Protest Ends… Government used military force to end demonstration. Goddess of Democracy destroyed by soldiers

Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In June 4, 1989 Student leaders are arrested Hundreds were killed, ten thousand injured, and thousands “arrested”

Type 59 Chinese Tank 72,000 lbs 8.5 feet tall 20 feet long/11 feet wide video clipvideo clip (June 5, 1989) Jeff Widener Charlie Cole Stuart Franklin Terril Jones Arthur Tsang Hin Wah

Tiananmen Square, 1989 No fighting but no peace either.

Warm Up and Review 1.First leader of communist China? 2.Goal of Great Leap Forward? 3.Amount of private ownership under Mao? 4.Enemy of the Cultural Revolution? 5.Families of rulers in China? 6.One who believes nation should be independent? 7.A command economy is a _________ economy. 8.Goal of protesters in Tiananmen Square? 9.Monarch in Japan?

What do you think?

What do you think- 19 years after Tiananmen Square?