Stephen C.-Y. Ng McGill University Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop Neutron Star Zoo: radio pulsars, magnetars, RRATs, CCOs, and more Special thanks to Vicky Kaspi for some materials in this talk

Overview Since the first pulsar discovered 40 yrs ago, they are all thought to be: – born spinning fast in SNRs – with magnetic fields  G – emitting radio pulses Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

The Zoo of Isolated NS RPP (radio pulsar) INS (nearby old pulsar) AXP/SGR (Magnetar) CCO (Anti-magnetar?) RRAT (Part-time pulsar) MSP (Recycled pulsar) Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop from Cupcake Cutiees NS Zoo

Observational Properties Observable Characteristic age Spin-down luminosity Surface dipole field Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

P-P Diagram Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

Radio Pulsars Powered by rotational energy, i.e. spin-down Radio to Gamma-ray emission Power PWNe  1500 known Could be radio-quiet, – e.g. Geminga Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop NASA/CXC/SAO/F.Seward et al See Lupin Chun-Che Lin ‘s talk

Rotation-Powered Pulsars Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop \ RPPs

Broadband Emission Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

EGRET pulsars young pulsars discovered using radio ephemeris pulsars discovered in blind search millisecond pulsars discovered using radio ephemeris Pulses at 1/10 th real rate Abdo et al./ Fermi LAT Team See talks by Jumpei Takata, K.S. Cheng and Yu Wang 31+ Gamma-ray and radio pulsars (including 8+ MSPs) 31+ Gamma-ray and radio pulsars (including 8+ MSPs) 16 + Gamma-ray only pulsars 16 + Gamma-ray only pulsars Fermi Pulsars HKU Fermi Workshop

Magnetars: AXPs and SGRs Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) Soft-Gamma Repeater (SGR) L x >> E P=2-12s, large P => B  G 13 known, only 2 in radio Young, volatile Spectacular outbursts Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop see Yunwei Yu’s talk

Magnetars Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop Magnetars

Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop 0-10s0-10Myr>10Myr RPP Magnetar Newborn Neutron Star Massive Star

Giant Flare of SGR Dec 27, x more luminous than any Galactic transients ever seen 10 8 L Edd Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop Hurley et al. (2005)

Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

2009 Jan Outburst Dust scattering rings, i.e. light echoes => distance 1E ESA/Tiengo et al. Swift XMM-Newton

High-B Rotation-Powered PSRs Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop High-B RRPs

NameP (s)PdotB (G)D (kpc) J e-124.1e138.4 J e-127.4e134.9 J e-125.2e137.4 J e-135.5e139.8 J e-135.0e133.6 J e-124.8e136 J e-129.3e138.4 Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

PSR J s X-ray pulsar in SNR Kes 75 B = 5x10 13 G Youngest pulsar: 884 yr No radio emission Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop NASA/CXC/GSFC/F.P.Gavriil et al.

Jun 22, 2010 Gavriil et al. (2008) Magnetar-like Outbursts in a Rotation-Powered Pulsar

Chandra Observations of Kes 75 Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop Livingstone, SN, Kaspi, in prep.

Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs) Sporadic radio pulse emitters 12 known Long periods Bright in radio Giant pulses? Intermittent or nulling pulsars? Nearly dead pulsars? Asteroid belts? Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop T 2-30ms 4m-3h McLaughlin et al Rea et al. 2009

Rotating RAdio Transients Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop RRATs

Isolated Neutron Stars 7+1 known (Magnificent Seven + Calvera) Nearby (most < 1kpc) Inferred B-fields 1-3x10 13 G No radio emission Believed to be old pulsars Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop

Isolated Neutron Stars Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop INSs

Central Compact Objects  7 known Found near the center of SNRs => young No radio, IR, optical counterparts Isolated, no PWN Thermal X-ray spectrum, hot temp small R Cas A: Chandra first light Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop NASA/CXC/SAO/D.Patnaude et al. First CCO

CCOs as “Anti-Magnetars”? Only 3 CCOs show X-ray pulsations: – CCO in PKS : B<3x10 11 G (Gotthelf & Halpern 2007) – CCO in Puppis A: B<10 12 G (Gotthelf & Halpern 2009) – CCO in Kes 79: B=3x10 10 G! (Halpern & Gotthelf 2010) Jun 22, 2010 Halpern & Gotthelf (2010) CCOs as “Anti-magnetars”, born with weak B?

Central Compact Objects Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop CCOs

Millisecond Pulsars P=0.001s – 0.01s Age > 1Myr Spun up by accretion Recycled pulsars Fermi detection Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop See talks by David Hui and Yi Jung Yang

Millisecond Second PSRs Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop MSPs

Unification? Jun 22, 2010 Log Age Log B Millisecond pulsars Magnetars Radio Pulsars RRATs “anti-magnetars” Isolated Neutron Stars Kaspi (2010)

Summary RPP (radio pulsar) INS (nearby old pulsar) AXP/SGR (Magnetar) CCO (Anti-magnetar?) RRAT (Part-time pulsar) MSP (Recycled pulsar) Jun 22, 2010HKU Fermi Workshop