1 HCI History Key people, events, ideas and paradigm shifts This material has been developed by Georgia Tech HCI faculty, and continues to evolve. Contributors include Gregory Abowd, Jim Foley, Diane Gromala, Elizabeth Mynatt, Jeff Pierce, Colin Potts, Chris Shaw, John Stasko, and Bruce Walker. This specific presentation also borrows from James Landay and Jason Hong at UC Berkeley. Comments directed to are encouraged. Permission is granted to use with acknowledgement for non-profit purposes. Last revision: January

2 Key People People  Vannevar Bush  J. R. (Lick) Licklider  Ivan Sutherland  Doug Engelbart  Alan Kay  Ted Nelson  Nicholas Negroponte  Mark Weiser  Jaron Lanier

History of HCI AFIP Fall Joint Conference, 1968 Document Processing –modern word processing –outline processing –hypermedia Input / Output –the mouse and one-handed corded keyboard –high resolution displays –multiple windows –specially designed furniture Shared work –shared files and personal annotations –electronic messaging –shared displays with multiple pointers –audio/video conferencing –ideas of an Internet User testing, training

4 Early Personal Computers 1975 IBM Radio Shack TRS-80

5 Early Personal Computers 1979 Apple II 1979 VisiCalc - “killer app” for Apple II 1981 IBM XT/AT

6 The dawn of the GUI - Xerox PARC Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers Graphical User Interface Multitasking - WIMP interface allows you to do several things simultaneously Has become the familiar GUI interface  Xerox Alto & Star; Lisa, Macintosh, MS Windows

7 Paradigm: Direct Manipulation ‘82 Shneiderman describes appeal of rapidly- developing graphically-based interaction  object visibility  incremental action and rapid feedback  reversibility encourages exploration  replace language with action  syntactic correctness of all actions WYSIWYG, Apple Mac

8 Innovator: Alan Kay Dynabook - Notebook sized computer loaded with multimedia and can store Personal computing Desktop interface Overlapping windows