Careers in Science Fields Which use Microscopes

Forensic Scientist aka Criminalists or Crime Lab Analysts  Forensic scientists use specific principles and method to analyze, identify, and classify physical evidence relating to criminal or suspected criminal cases.

Work Performed  Analyze drugs, blood, poison, firearms, explosives, toolmarks, documents, fingerprints, and trace evidence.  Find clues at crime scenes  Use knowledge of chemistry, biology, and physics.

Types of Forensic Scientists  Serologists  Examine blood for type, DNA profiling, poisons, drugs, or alcohol.  Drug Chemists  Identify broad range of techniques to identify various drugs and quantity  Arson specialist  Investigate the origin and causes of fires.  Document Examiner  Look at documents to determine authenticity of handwriting and chemical components of ink

Working Conditions  At scene of crimes  Indoors  Outdoors  Laboratories  Mobile crime labs  Use a wide range of complex equipment and instruments.

Education and Training  4 year bachelor’s degree  Major in criminalistics, forensic science, natural or physical science  Courses in physics, chemistry, biology, instrumental analysis, and microscopy.  Computer skills are very important.  Lots of on the job training.  Must Continue Education

Personal Qualifications  Patients and Persistence  Inquiring mind and talent for objective inquire to access data, work with figures and to evaluate facts.  Make good measurements and observations  Self-confident  Work well underpressure

Where Employed  FBI  Drug Enforcement Administration  US Customs Service  US Postal Service  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms  Food and Drug Administration  Armed Forces  State Labs and Large City Labs

Employment Outlook  Good job market  Due to increase crime  Physical evidence is very important for criminal cases

Hours and Earnings  5 days a week, 40 hrs.  Nights and weekends  Average starting wage $22,000  Up to $53,434

Pathologists Use laboratory methods and equipment to examine samples of blood, tissue, and body fluids to determine the presence, nature, and progress of disease in humans, plants, and animal.

Broad Range Discipline  Blood banking/transfusion medicine  Forensic pathology  Chemical pathology  Cytopathology  Medical Microbiology  Dematopathology  hematology,  Immunopatholgy,  Neuronpathology  Pediatric pathology

The Two Types of Human Pathologist  Anatomic pathologists  Work in hospitals where they examine tissue and cells from patients during surgery  study the effects of diseases  Perform autopsies  Confirm causes of death  Examine abnormalities

Two Types of Human Pathologists  Clinical Pathologists  Work in hospital labs  Direct and carry out testing procedures  Responsible for accurate and efficiency of all tests performed  Decide what tests to run and what equipment to use.

More Work for Pathologists  Researcher  to acquire further understanding of the processes, identifying, controlling, and preventing disease.  Professors  Teach pathology to med students, residents, and allied health personal,  Advisors to university graduate students.

Working Conditions  Well equipped, well lighted, air-conditioned labs, hospitals, and med schools.  Confer with other physicians about a diagnosis, the progress of disease, and cause of death.  Clinical pathologist may spend much of their time on hospital management and producers and reports.

Education and Training  Takes on average of 13 years to complete  High school students should take college prep courses including  Undergrad college students will enroll in premed-4 years  College seniors will take the MCAT(Medial College Admission Test.)  VERY COMPETETIVE!!  Med School-4 years  Med School Grad take 4-5 years in residency program approved by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.  Specialty in pathology-2 additional years.

Licenses and Certification  American Board of Pathology  Certification test  Tests on knowledge, problem-solving, interpretive skills, and diagnostic abilities  Must hold valid medical license

Personal Qualifications  Very intelligent  Interested in scholarship and study  Motivated  Diligent  Persevering-it’s a long haul to be a pathologist!

Where Employed  75% work in hospitals  Others work in labs  med schools  public health agencies  pharmaceutical firms  private research foundations.

Hours and Earnings  40 hours a week  Regular Hours, 9am-5pm  Average Starting Salary $122,613  Up to $423,473

Veterinarians Care for animals. They diagnose illnesses, treat sick and injured animals, administer medication, perform surgery, deliver preventive care, inoculate animals, and give advice on care and breeding.

Types of Veterinarians  Small Animal  Cat, Dog  Large Animal  Horses, Cattle, Swine, Poultry, Sheep, Goats  Exotic  Birds, Lions, Elephants, Lizards, Zoo animal  Federal and State  Administration and Investigation

Work Performed  EVERYTHING!!!  Vet are very well rounded individuals that perform  Surgery  Internal medicine  Anesthesiology  Ophthalmology  Radiology  Microbiology  pathology

Work Condition  Nice clean offices and clinics  Small animal  Dirty, musty, muddy barns  Large animal

Education and Training  Pre-vet can take 2-4 years  4 years in vet school  1-2 years residency(if apply)  Very competitive!!!!

Education and Training 240+ hours of experience of veterinary medicine during undergraduate To prepare for college-level preveterinary courses, you should complete a college-preparatory curriculum that includes: At least 1½ years of algebra, one year of geometry, and ½ year of trigonometry One year each of chemistry, biology, and physics Academic core subjects, including English (writing and literature), social sciences, history, and any other subjects required by your high school and by the college you plan to attend

Education and Training  Total application 1108  Selected applicants 122  Michigan residents 194  Non-residents 914  Applicants invited to interview 264  Mean cumulative GPA: All 3.40 Interviewed 3.59 Selected 3.60

Hours and Earnings  Regular Hours to LONG HOURS and Unexpected Hours  Average Starting Salary $26,111  Up to $150,000

Lab  Taking Observations  Thinking Like a Forensic Scientist, Pathologist, or Veterinarian