Pablo Sastre Olmos Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 7 May 2008

Geographic Information Systems

Mapping criteria must be relevant for the organisms or processes studied

1 km Mapa 1: km 1: km 1: x 1 Km UTM 30T VK3796 Analysis at different resolution scales

Stream Density (m/ha) at different scales

Analysis at different extents (area of samples)

Query by attribute: show the location Spatial query: show the attributes

Storage of attributes Raster model (digital code)

Vector model (table associated to objects) Storage of attributes

Raster Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Vector Contour lines (dist.=500m)

Georeferencing Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-World” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain Geographic references

Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-Europe” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain Georeferencing Geographic references

Limits Land - Sea: - Continents - Islands, archipelagos Administrative limits: - Countries - Regions - Provinces - Counties - Districts, etc. Streets, roads (post addresses) Rivers, etc. Mountains, etc. ¿What?: Phylum, Species, Sex,... ¿How?: BasisOfRecord, PreparationType ¿Who?: Collector,... ¿When?: YearCollected,... ¿Where?: ContinentOcean Country Province County Locality Longitude Latitude CoordinatePrecision, BoundingBox MaximumElevation, MaxDepth,... Darwin Core Fields Systems of X,Y coordinates Lat./Long. (decimal degrees) UTM (metres, …) Etc. Geographic references

Birds Colection – Spanish Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC) Genus Parus Forest Genus Circus Agriculture Madrid / Counties

Historical Data Example: Country = Nueva Granada Virreinato de Nueva Granada ( ) (Colombia, Panamá, Venezuela, Ecuador) República de Nueva Granada ( ) (Colombia, Panamá)

Dorcadion (J. Lauffer, )