Albert Lehninger And Morris Friedkin Coenzyme NAD+

Morris Friedkin Born on December 30, 1918, in Kansas City, Missouri In 1948, he completed his Ph.D. with the submission of his dissertation entitled "Studies on Aerobic Phosphorylation” He was one of the first graduate students of the renowned biochemist, Albert Lehninger worked in many different areas of biochemical research He had a particular interest in the treatment of leukemia (Background, n.d.)

Albert Lehninger Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut Originally enrolled in an English major but became interested in chemistry Held several faculty positions at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Chicago. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1952 as the DeLamar Professor and director of the department of physiological chemistry. author of three classic texts:Biochemistry,The Mitochondrion, and Bioenergetics.  (Albert L. n.d)

Prior Knowledge The first coenzyme NAD+, was identified by Arthur Harden and William Youndin 1929, ATP was isolated by Karl Lohmann 1936, the function of NAD+ in hydride transfer identified by Otto Heinrich Warburg 1940s, the link between the oxidation of sugars and the generation of ATP established by the Herman Kalckar 1945, coenzyme A being discovered, by Fritz Albert Lipmann This confirmed the central role of ATP in energy transfer that had been proposed by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941  (THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 2005)

Experiment Rat liver cells used for experiment Prepared mitochondria by using an isotonic sucrose solution to prevent osmotic changes in the organelle structures. They confirmed the occurrence of phosphorylation coupled to the aerobic oxidation of externally added a-hydroxybutyrate or NADH as substrate. Results show existence of three sites of phosphorylation in the respiratory chain. experiments indicated that mitochondria are impermeable to added NADH and that they possess an "external," non phosphorylating pathway of NADH oxidation that can be demonstrated in the presence of added cytochrome c. (Coenzyme. n.d.) (THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY,1981)

Discovery Morris Friedkin and Albert L. Lehninger proved that the coenzyme NAD+ linked metabolic pathways, such as the citric acid cycle and the synthesis of ATP (THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY,1981)

References Background. (n.d). Retrieved November 16, 2010 http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt6c60193n/ Albert L. n.d “Biography.” Retrieved November 16, 2010 http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/lehninger.html Nicole Kresge, Robert D. Simoni, and Robert L. Hill (2005, April 8). THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Retrieved from http://www.jbc.org/content/280/14/e11.full.pdf Lars Ernster, Gottfried Schatz (1981, December 1) Mitochondria: A Historical Review. THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY. Retrieved November 16, 2010 from http://jcb.rupress.org/content/91/3/227s.full.pdf Coenzyme. (n.d). Retrieved November 16, 2010 http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Coenzyme Albert L. Lehninger (n.d) Retrieved November 16, 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_L._Lehninger NADpluscouleur.PNG. (n.d). Retrieved November 16, 2010 http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:NADpluscouleur.PNG