WIRELESS TRAFFIC SERVICE COMMUNICATION PLATFORM FOR CARS Modelling, Computation and Optimization in Information Systems and Management Sciences (MCO'08) September 8-10, 2008 Timo Sukuvaara, Pertti Nurmi, Daria Stepanova, Sami Suopajärvi, Marjo Hippi, Pekka Eloranta, Esa Suutari and Kimmo Ylisiurunen

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara2 Background The aim of this project is to develop an intelligent wireless traffic service platform between cars supported with wireless transceivers beside the road(s). EU Eureka-program Celtic-cluster (call 3) project in , partners from Finland, Spain and Luxembourg Finland: FMI, Mobisoft, Sunit, VTT and Infotripla Spain: ETRA I+D (coordinator), Moviquity, University of Malaga Luxembourg: CRP HT, Synergiums, ACL

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara3 Goals An intelligent wireless traffic service platform between cars supported with wireless (WiFi/WiMAX) base stations beside the road(s). Bidirectional connections allow collection and exploitation of vehicle observation data, used in services Vehicular network with capability to vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle- to-infrastructure communication Hybrid communication ensure fast delivery even when base station not available (early deployment/ rural areas) Drivers get information if Icy conditions may exist Heavy rainfall or fog exists Accident nearby Drivers can get ready for delays Drivers can get detour Safety on the roads improves

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara4 Related Work C2C-CC (Car 2 Car Communication Consortium) Vehicle manufacturers and related industry VII United States (Department of Transportation) Projects: CVIS (CALM standard) VICS (Japan) COOPERS PReVENT COMeSAFETY SAFESPOT GST NOW SEVECOM Our approach: Comprehensive solution for car networking and car to car communication purposes Hybrid communication structure ensures smooth operation also in early deployment phase or in rural areas, where base station density is low

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara5 Platform Structure Traffic Service Central Unit (TSCU) act as communication centre, gathering vehicle data from base station network and GPRS- network, delivers data to service cores and delivers weather and warning data from services to vehicles Traffic Service Base Stations (TSBS) beside the road store the up-to-date data from central unit and deliver it to bypassing vehicles. At the same time vehicle observation data is gathered and delivered to TSCU Mobile End Users (MEU) in vehicles receive newest service data (e.g. local weather and warnings) when they pass by service base station. At the same time vehicle observation data is delivered to service base station. Vehicles also forward their critical data (if any) to encountering vehicles  base station range enhanced Critical data (e.g. accident warning) delivered through gprs-network, in order to ensure instant delivery, especially when the base station density is low

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara6 Platform elements Traffic Service Central Unit System central unit User management Data storage/arhive, both vehicle observation data and service data Two-way connection towards vehicles Indirect connection through base stations: main channel GPRS: emergency data Traffic Service Base Station Base station network beside the road network Delivers TSCU areal data to vehicles and collects vehicle observation data The most up-to-date TSCU data is stored to TSBS in order to ensure delivery during vehicle bypassing TSBS also posses weather station capabilities, so it delivers its own observation data, expected to be more accurate than vehicle data. Therefore this data can be used also to vehicle data quality estimation Wireless communication operated through two different methods: mobile WIMAX and WiFi (IEEE g).

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara7 Platform elements (cont’d) Mobile End User Vehicle communication system Two-way communication towards TSCU, WiFi+GPRS Vehicle-to-vehicle communication WiFi based critical data related to accident warning True networking with multihop connection to base stations (future option) Two methods for wireless communication: mobile WIMAX and WIFi (IEEE g) Vehicle systems Observation data gathered from Car internal CAN-Bus Airbag burst CAN-Bus or own measurements Throwing Outside temperature GPS-location User interface Emergency button Observation data stored in pre-defined intervals, labelled with GPS-location and delivered through TSBS to TSCU

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara8 Platform elements (cont’d) Services Platform services (physically) located in fixed network beyond TSCU Direct connection to TSCU Platform allows variety of services, but for this project several example services picked Local Road Weather Service Local road weather based on FMI road weather model. 10km resolution service is enhanced with vehicle data. Local road weather delivered in areal basis to different TSBS Incident Warning Service From vehicle data the indicators for accident or critical conditions gathered and packed into local warnings Transport Traffic Positioning Route Planner Point of Interest Telematics data Geo-coding

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara9 Service operation TSCU maintains up-to-date local road weather regularly forwarded areally to the TSBSs Each TSBS delivers its up-to-date local road weather information to every MEU passing by The MEU receives and applies the weather data but in exchange it forwards the collection of its own weather and traffic related measurements. Vehicle data is delivered back to the TSCU and used to update the local road weather data and to generate potential additional warnings The MEUs also deliver their own up-to-date data to the other MEUs, and the more recent data will be used by all. In the case of emergency the parallel direct GPRS based communication between the TSCU and the MEU ensures instant data delivery

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara10 Road Weather Application One dimensional energy balance model taking into account the special conditions prevailing at the road surface and inside ground below, as well as traffic density effects Output from a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model is used as upper boundary Sparse horizontal resolution 10km, model can not resolve meteorological features beyond this spatial scale Vehicle based measurements are used to supplement model with point-form data of individual observations

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara11 Simulations NS-2 simulations, with MAC models In 8+8 nodes scenario, throughput is saturating  base station density and capacity must be increased Detailed capacity estimations in further simulations With moderate data transfer requirements system is operating in simulated conditions 4 nodes 4+4 nodes 8 nodes 8+8 nodes

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara12 Test measurements in Finland In preliminary test measurements we have analyzed data throughput between vehicle and base station, when vehicle (equipped with Sunit d7 CAR PC) passes by the base station (Colubris MAP-330 Multiservice access points) in different, pre-defined speeds Data throughput between Mbps during the connection, regardless of the speed ( km/h) Connection available for approximately 1 km distance during the base station bypass Connection creation process length increases and success probability decreases when speed is increased Basic operability can be ensured with appropriate base station density and data parameters Pilot services and communication platform will be deployed nearby Helsinki, into the area of Helsinki testbed dense weather measurement area. Platform service availibility and usability

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara13 Summary An intelligent wireless traffic service platform between cars supported with wireless base stations beside the road(s). Hybrid communication structure ensures smooth operation also in early deployment phase or in rural areas, where base station density is low Set of example serviced created to exploit platform capabilities and provide enhancements for traffic safety

MCO'08 / Timo Sukuvaara14 Contact information Arctic Research Centre Finnish Meteorological Institute Tähteläntie Sodankylä