BELLWORK  What are stocks? What are they used for?  How did the stock market crash lead to the Great Depression?  What effect did the Great Depression have on farmers?  What is a bank run?  What are “hoovervilles?”  THINKER: Do you think the government should help companies/citizens out in a time of economic depression? Why or Why not?

Dust Bowl  The Dust Bowl was an environmental crisis that took place in the Great Plains region between 1931 and  It was caused by bad farming practices and severe drought.  Dust blew eastward and southward in large dark clouds.  The Dust Bowl caused farmland to be useless; so thousands of families migrated west in search of better farming jobs.

Dust Bowl Exodus

 We will now read a poem written by Woody Guthrie  As you listen to the poem, answer the questions on the board on a ½ sheet of paper. “Dust Storm Disaster”

“Dust Storm Disaster” by: Woodie Guthrie  On the fourteenth day of April of nineteen thirty five, There struck the worst of dust storms that ever filled the sky: You could see that dust storm coming, the cloud looked deathlike black, And through our mighty nation, it left a dreadful track... This storm took place at sundown and lasted through the night, When we looked out this morning we saw a terrible sight: We saw outside our windows where wheat fields they had grown Was now a rippling ocean of dust the wind had blown. It covered up our fences, it covered up our barns, It covered up our tractors in this wild and windy storm. We loaded our jalopies and piled our families in, We rattled down the highway to never come back again.

DELETE THIS SLIDE!!!!  Why did this storm leave a “dreadful track?”  What happened to the author’s wheat fields?  Why did he leave and never come back again?  What picture does this poem paint of the dust bowl?  Why do you think it was such a horrific event in American History?

Hoover and The Great Depression

 In 1930, Republicans lost control of the House and Senate.  Hawley-Smoot Tariff: highest import tax in history. Designed to protect U.S. products from Foreign competition  Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC): stabilize large banks and corporations with government aide.  Rejected direct federal relief and funding.

 In 1932, 20,000 jobless WWI veterans protested in Washington, D.C.  Called themselves the Bonus Army  Demanded immediate payment of a pension bonus that was promised.  Things got violent so General Douglas MacArthur used guns, tanks, and tear gas to fight off the protestors.  Hoover took responsibility for MacArthur’s actions

 President Herbert Hoover  Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt VS

HERBERT HOOVERFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT  “Brother Can you Spare a Dime?”  Once I built a railroad I made it run Made it race against time. Once I built a railroad Now it’s done Brother, Can you Spare a Dime?  “Happy Days are here Again!”  Happy days are here again, The skies above are clear again Let us sing a song of cheer again – Happy days are here again.

HERBERT HOOVERFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT  Minimal government action  “The key to recovery was confidence”  State and local governments should handle relief  Start with prosperity at the top => foster economic growth  Expand government roles  Federal government should handle relief  Unemployment commission and relief administration  Startled by uneven prosperity => help the lower classes first

“This Campaign is more than a contest between two men.... It is a contest between two philosophies of government.” -President Hoover, 1932

Electoral Votes Roosevelt: 472 Hoover: 59 Hoover won six states, and FDR won by a huge margin of 7 million popular votes.

Discussion: Election of 1932  What were President Hoover’s main ideas?  What were FDR’s main ideas?  What were the main differences between the two candidates?  What were the similarities between the two candidates?  Why do you think FDR ended up winning?

 Turn to your neighbor and explain to them:  What caused the Dust Bowl?  What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?  What was the Bonus Army?  How do the conditions of the 1932 election relate to our economic problems today?

 Write a newspaper article describing the election of  It must be ¾ of a page and written from the perspective of a reporter in the 1930s.  Use key concepts from the election: campaigning tactics, government intervention, Depression relief, Bonus Army, RFC, etc.