Engineering Design Issues for EOC’s, Hurricane Shelters and other Essential Facilities

Florida Emergency Operations Centers Design and Evaluation Criteria Danny Kilcollins, FPEM Planning Manager Division of Emergency Management

Features of a Survivable EOC

Minimum Hurricane Safety Criteria for Critical Facilities

ARC 4496 Hurricane Hazards Wind Storm Surge Flooding Rainfall Flooding Hazardous Materials

High Performance Design Criteria: DOE-STD- 1020

DOE-STD-1020 Natural Hazards Wind Flooding Earthquake

Hurricane Wind Design

DOE 1020 Wind Design

Return Period Years

ASCE 7-02

Florida Building Code – Basic Wind Speeds and Windborne Debris Impact Regions

Basic Wind Speed Conversions Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph) Wind Measurement Scale Hurricane Category 1 Hurricane Category 2 Hurricane Category 3 Hurricane Category 4 Hurricane Category 5 Extreme Hurricane Category 5 3-second Gust (ASCE 7 and 2004 Florida Building Code) Fastest Mile (Standard Building Code) minute Sustained (National Hurricane Center)

1,000-yr Return Period

1,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida

Fla. PC 3 Wind Design Criteria

TORNADO EVENTS IN FLORIDA F0

10,000-yr Return Period

10,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida

Fla. PC 4 Wind Design Criteria

Probable Minimum Central Pressure Limit Estimate for Hurricanes

Probable Minimum Central Pressure Limit Estimate for Hurricanes; Source: K. Emanuel (1996)

Minimum Central Pressure to Wind Velocity Conversion Source: Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present and Future; Landsea, etal 880 mb = 190 mph (232 mph, 3-sec gust) 885 mb = 185 mph (226 mph, 3-sec gust) 890 mb = 180 mph (220 mph, 3-sec gust) 900 mb = 170 mph (208 mph, 3-sec gust) 910 mb = 165 mph (202 mph, 3-sec gust)

Windborne Debris Impact Resistance Criteria

Representative Wind Design Criteria Applies to the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment Wind Load Design per ASCE 7 Standard Load Factor Reductions per (draft) ICC 500 Minimum Design Wind Speed = 190 mph, 3- second gust Wind Importance Factor, I=1.00 Exposure Category = C Directionality Factor, K d =1.00 Internal Pressure Coefficient, GC pi = +0.18/-0.18

Representative Wind Design Criteria The EOC designated as a threshold building, and special structural inspections required Special inspections conducted in compliance with section , Florida Statutes and other applicable statutes, laws and rules

Representative Wind Design Criteria Design Windborne Debris Missile = 15 lb 2x4 propelled at 50 mph (74 ft/sec) Momentum = 34 lb-sec Energy = 1,275 ft-lb Design missile applies to all exterior enclosure components, claddings and assemblies (i.e., walls, roofs, louvers, windows, doors, etc.) Design missile applies to enclosure surfaces located within 60 feet in height above finish grade

Summary of Wind Storm Design Criteria

Comparison of Hurricane Wind Codes & Standards

Tornado Wind Design

FEMA 361 – Tornado Winds

FEMA 361 Wind Zones

TORNADO EVENTS IN FLORIDA F0

Representative Tornado Wind Design Applies to the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment Wind Load Design per ASCE 7 Standard Load Factor Reductions per FEMA 361 Minimum Design Wind Speed = 200 mph, 3- second gust Wind Importance Factor, I=1.00 Exposure Category = C Directionality Factor, K d =1.00 Internal Pressure Coefficient, GC pi = +0.55/-0.55 Atmospheric Pressure Change (APC) or venting req’d

Representative Wind Design Criteria The EOC designated as a threshold building, and special structural inspections required Special inspections conducted in compliance with section , Florida Statutes and other applicable statutes, laws and rules

Representative Wind Design Criteria Design Windborne Debris Missile = 15 lb 2x4 propelled at 100 mph (147 ft/sec) Momentum = 68 lb-sec Energy = 5,033 ft-lb Design missile applies to all exterior enclosure components, claddings and assemblies (i.e., walls, roofs, louvers, windows, doors, etc.) Design missile applies to enclosure surfaces located within 150 feet in height above finish grade

Flood & Rainfall Design

DOE 1020 Flood Criteria

NOAA HMR No. 51 and No. 52 Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimates

24-hour 10 sq.mi. Basin

72-hour 10 sq.mi. Basin

Max. Observed Point Rainfall Illustration Source: Unknown

Estimated 24-hour Rainfall Rates w/Recurrence Intervals Local Precipitation & Site Drainage Design (24 hr Rainfall, inches) yr Basin Size, sq.mi.X 0 (100-yrs) 1 (500-yrs) 2 (2,000-yrs) 3 (10,000-yrs) 4 (100K-yrs)PMP 1l.t. 100-yr , , , ,

Conversion of 10 sq.mi. PMPs to 1 sq.mi. PMPs

1-hour 1 sq.mi. Basin

Estimated 1-hour Rainfall Rates w/Recurrence Intervals Local Precipitation & Roof Drainage Design (1 hr Rainfall, inches) Basin Size, sq.mi.X 0 (100-yrs) 1 (500-yrs) 2 (2,000-yrs) 3 (10,000-yrs) 4 (100K-yrs)PMP 1l.t , , , , ,

Summary of Flood Design Criteria Performance CategoryX 0 (100-yrs) 1 (500-yrs) 2 (2,000-yrs) 3 (10,000-yrs) 4 (100K-yrs) Flood Hazard Return Period, yrs l.t. 100g.e. 100g.e. 500g.e. 2,000g.e. 10,000g.e. 100,000 Design Reqm'ts Does not meet ASCE 24, FBC and ARC 4496 ASCE 24, FBC plus ARC 4496 ASCE 24, FBC Essential Facility plus ARC 4496ASCE 24 Minimum Design Floor Elevation Floor Elev. Below BFE BFE or DFE, whichever is greater BFE ft. or local DFE, whichever is greater BFE ft. or local DFE, whichever is greater BFE ft. or local DFE, whichever is greater BFE ft. or local DFE, whichever is greater Riverine Flooding FIRM Zone Shaded A, AE, AH or V FIRM Zone Shaded X; apply design precip event to basin

Summary of Flood Design Criteria Performance CategoryX 0 (100-yrs) 1 (500-yrs) 2 (2,000-yrs) 3 (10,000-yrs) 4 (100K-yrs) Flood Hazard Return Period, yrs l.t. 100g.e. 100g.e. 500g.e. 2,000g.e. 10,000g.e. 100,000 Local Precipitat ion/Site Drainage l.t.100-year, 1- day Precip Design g.e. 100-year, 1- day Precip Rate; apply design precip event to site ~ 22 inch, 1-day Precip Rate; apply design precip event to site ~ 29 inch, 1-day Precip Rate; apply design precip event to site ~ 37 inch, 1-day Precip Rate; apply design precip event to site ~ 48.5 inch, 1-day Precip Rate; apply design precip event to site Roof Design Drainage; ref: Figure , FBC- Plumbing l.t.100-year, 1- hour rainfall rate; l.t. ~4.3 inchs/hr g.e.100-year, 1- hour rainfall rate; g.e. ~4.33 to 5.0 inchs/hrg.e. 6 inchs/hrg.e. 8 inchs/hrg.e. 11 inchs/hrg.e inchs/hr Storm Surge l.t. Cat. 5 minus 1.0 ft. elev. g.e. Cat 5 minus 1.0 ft. elev.g.e. Cat 5 elev. g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 10% g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 15% g.e. Cat 5 elev. plus 20%

Storm Surge Flooding SLOSH Storm Surge Model Category 5 inundation depth/elevation, NGVD Maximum Envelope of Water Margin of Error = +/- 20% Category 5 elev. + 20% = Probable Maximum Inundation

Storm Surge Flooding Fla. Performance Category 3 = Cat % Fla. Performance Category 4 = Cat % Performance suggested per county based on PC 4 (10,000-yr) Wind Map Design wind speeds at coast that are greater than or equal to 190 mph (3-sec. gust) = Cat % Design wind speeds at coast that are less than 190 mph (3-sec. gust) = Cat %

Representative Flood Design Criteria Applies to lowest floor for the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment Finished Floor Elevation NGVD determined by: Category 5 storm surge elev. + 20% BFE feet 500-yr elevation feet Highest recorded flood elevation feet Whichever flood elevation is highest

Representative Flood Design Criteria The site (point maximum, one square mile) hydrologic design shall ensure that the EOC and essential ancillary structures and service equipment are not flooded due to a 24 hour, 37.0 inch rainfall event applied over a precedent 24 hour, 100-year rainfall event Opinion of design professional is acceptable Basin-wide analysis not required

Representative Flood Design Criteria Where secondary (emergency) roof drains or scuppers are required by the Florida Building Code—Plumbing, the secondary system shall be sized for a rainfall rate of eleven (11.0) inches per hour

Earthquake Design

Earthquake 10,000-yr Design Criteria for Florida

Anti-Terrorism Design

USAF Installation Force Protection Guide

Is Blast Hardening Req’d?

Minimum Anti-Terrorism Standards for Buildings

Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse

FEMA CPG 1-20 / May 1984

FEMA CPG 1-20 EOC Staff Size Estimate/ Community Size

Electrical Power Restoration

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