Chapter 5 Section 4 Notes

I. Philip II Builds Macedonia’s Power

A. The Peloponnesian Wars severely weakened Greece

B. Philip II of Macedonia from the north took notice

C. Macedonians were considered barbarians by the Greeks

D. In 359 B.C. Philip II became king of Macedonia

1. Brilliant general and ruthless politician

2. Used a 16 man phalanx with a swift cavalry

E. Demosthenes an Athenian orator warned the Greeks about a move E. Demosthenes an Athenian orator warned the Greeks about a move by Philip II

Demosthenes                       (384-322 BC)

F. In 338 B.C. Athens and Thebes are soundly defeated at the Battle of Chaeronea

Map of Chaeronea

1. Philip II’s son Alexander the Great would lead a successful cavalry charge

G. The Greeks were under the control of Macedonia (Hellenistic Age)

H. In 336 B.C. Philip II is murdered at his daughters wedding and Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia for the next 13 years

II. Alexander Defeats Persia

A. Alexander was 20 when he became king

Alexander the Great

B. He had been schooled by Aristotle

C. He kept a copy of the Iliad under his pillow

D. In 335 B. C. Thebes tried to rebel but he quickly killed 6000 and D. In 335 B.C. Thebes tried to rebel but he quickly killed 6000 and sold the rest into slavery

E. In 334 B.C. Alexander attacks the Persians in Anatolia at the Hellespont

1. At the Battle of Granicus River 30,000 Men and 5000 Cavalry

2. He would attack Darius III at the Battle of Issus and would 2. He would attack Darius III at the Battle of Issus and would control all of Turkey

Persian Soldier

3. Alexander would not accept a peace with the Persians

4. Next he would conquered all of Egypt and build the city of Alexandria, He would be crowned pharaoh

5. He would now turn east to conquer the rest of Persia at the Battle of Gaugamela and then to the Indus River

Battle of Gaugamela

a. The cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis yielded a. The cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis yielded vast amounts of treasures

Persepolis

6. In 327 B.C. Alexander would be in India at the Indus River

a. Exhausted soldiers yearned to go home

7. In 323 B.C. he had returned to Babylon

a. Here he contracted a serious fever and would die 11 days later

8. His empire would go to the strongest general

a. Antigonus became king of Macedonia

b. Ptolemy seized Egypt

c. Seleucus took most of the old Persian Empire