by: Roxan A. Consolacion Module 2 – Dale’s Cone of Experience, Pie Graph on Senses and Perception, Barriers to Communication, Instructional Media in the Classroom by: Roxan A. Consolacion

Objectives: Label Edgar Dale’s “Cone of Experience” . Describe the Pie graph on senses and perception and its implication in the learning process. Enumerate barriers to communication. Identify advantages and disadvantages of instructional media in the classroom.

The Cone of Experience The cone of experience is a pictorial device use to explain the interrelationships of the various types of audio-visual media, as well as their individual “positions” in the learning process. The cone's utility in selecting instructional resources and activities is as practical today as when Dale created it.

Pie Graph on Senses and Perception 11% 83% 1.5% 3.5% Sight Sound Smell Touch Taste

Retention Rate Levels involve in various learning activities. Researchers found out that the most effective approaches – resulting in 75% and 90% retention rates, respectively – are learning by doing and learning by teaching others (Danielson, 2002 as cited by Corpuz and Salandanan, 2007).

Reading Hearing Seeing Hearing and Hearing Saying Doing Saying

Barriers to Communication 1. Physical Barriers time Environment 2. Perceptual - viewing what is said from your own mindset

3. Cultural different model/image of the world and its relations different values and their hierarchy different social norms, rules and rituals formal and informal that affect behavior and regulate an entire system of interaction

4. Linguistic - don't speak the same language, speaks on different level or use different vocabulary, which means that symbols (words) used to pass information and their arrangement may have no meaning or different meaning

5. Social - represent different social groups which may differ their: - general behavior as effect of different social norms, rules and customs, standards, beliefs and priorities - background and education - use of language and level of its knowledge

6. Individual / Personal - physical and mental abilities - preferences - values and their hierarchy - different model/image of the world - general behavior and emotional states - background and education - different use of language and the level of its knowledge

- different communication skills, which can be divided as follows: Knowledge of: interlocutor purpose topic

abilities to: anticipate objections achieve credibility give full attention, give and get feedback follow through what was said communicate a little at a time use multiple communication techniques present information in several ways detect emotional states understand possible differences in perception

- abilities to avoid: muddled messages stereotyping wrong sub-channel wrong language other attitudes: making eye-contact giving prompts, i.e. nodding, smiling, etc.

7. Gender Barriers - differences between the speech patterns of males and females female – speaks between 22,000 & 25,000 words/day male – speaks between 7,000 & 10,000 words/day