FS-H FARB-INFO ´02 - Internationale Farbtagung FARBE + MATERIAL –Technik und Werkstoffe Mercury Free Flat Panel Light Source for Backlighting and Illumination Udo Custodis OSRAM GmbH

FS-H Phosphor Dielectric barrier Reflector Anode Cathode Bottom glass Frame Top glass Spacer The various functional layers of a PLANON ® lamp PLANON ® lamp structure

FS-H UV-radiation is transformed into visible light by phosphors PLANON ® operating principle e-e- UV Radiation Top glass h· Xenon gas Glass Light + Anode Phosphor Barrier layer Cathode Xe Xe * 2 Xe e-e- + Xe * 2 PLANON ® generates light using pulsed dielectric barrier discharge A suitable voltage is applied to the electrode system of the lamp from the outside. It excites xenon atoms in the gas chamber and enables the formation of excited Xe 2 * molecules

FS-H Principle of the barrier discharge Light Xe * ++ 2 * + h·h + Xe 2 * + * + e - Anode Cathode e - Phosphor Reflective coating Bottom glass Top glass Barrier layer Xenon Phosphor

FS-H PLANON ® microdischarges Small protrusions affixed to the cathode lines function as starting points of microdischarges Microdischarge Nose The discharge channels widen to roughly triangular shapes ending on the opposing electrode lines The high homogeneity featured by PLANON ® is achieved by placing these triangular discharge filaments throughout the whole lamp surface

FS-H PLANON ® dimming technology: Principles PLANON ® generates light by using very short pulses The voltage, which generates these short discharge pulses is shown to the right time To ensure a maximum of light stability, it is necessary to have a certain voltage (or energy) per pulse

FS-H PLANON ® dimming technology: Two different principles Analogue Dimming 100% Luminance ULUL 50% ULUL PWM-Dimming 50% ULUL 20% ULUL PWM-Dimming: PWM m eans „pulse width modulated“, this possibility of dimming uses the inertia of the human eye. The signal is„chopped“ into smaller portions at a rate not visible to the eye. The dimming ratio is proportional to the lilac coloured area. The PWM-dimming yields much better dimming rates than the analogue dimming. Analogue Dimming: The height of the signal (e.g. voltage) is adjusted to have a lower light output. The PLANON ® dimming range for this technology is 100…~50%.

FS-H Mercury-free discharge (Xe Excimer) Extremely high long-term stability (MTTH: 100,000 h) Color coordinates stable over lifetime Luminance independant of temperature (-30°C  +85°C) High luminance (>7000 cd/m 2 ) and homogenity (>85%) Instant light (start-up time < 5ms) Lambertian characteristics Heat dissipation with extremely low R th Availability of different sizes: 10.4”, 15”, 18”, 20.1”, 21.3”, (24”, 28”) Availability of ECGs: including PFC + lamp driver, lamp-driver only PLANON ® System Advantages

FS-H Relative light output vs. ambient temperature PLANON ® light output is unaffected by changes in ambient temperature

FS-H PLANON ® Industrial Application CCFL-based Backlight, 0hCCFL-based Backlight, 1 yearPLANON-based Backlight, 0h Key Features Display: 10.4”, VGA Luminance: 400 nits B/L power consumption: < 11W Lifetime (MTTH): 100,000 h

FS-H Lifetime Comparison PLANON ® vs. CCFL Luminance versus Lifetime for LCD Backlighting Systems (Example: Control Panels for factory automation) X 1000 Hours Leuchtdichte / [cd/m²] PLANON, measured values PLANON, expected course CCFL datasheet values CCFL measured values Application in Factory Automation: Higher stress in the field of: - Vibration, - Shock, - Temperature, - Dust.

FS-H Maintenance Results (Large Lamp Sizes)

FS-H Lifetime Prediction for 18” PLANON ® Maintenance ( h) 73 % +/ PLANON 18 inch h^(1/3) 1000 h100 h 10,000 h ,000 h Measured values Calculated Lifetime Prediction: ~100,000 h

FS-H Adjusted Response Graphs Color Coordinates vs. Lifetime - Stabilization within 1000 h - Typical change after 1000h: ~ 0,016 CIE

FS-H Color Shift vs. Lifetime Measured Data for 20.1“ Lamps Results for 123 lamps from 3 production lots: Stabilization within 1000 h Typical change after 1000h: ~ CIE (x) and ~ CIE (y) Lamp to lamp and lot to lot variation of colour shift within CIE (x and y) after h Time / h ,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0 0,006 0,009 0,012 0,014 0, ,009 0,011 0,013 0,016 0,014 0,008 0,01 0,012 0,014 0,017 0, ,011 0,014 0,015 0,019 0,016 Shift of x Coordinate xx yy ,002 0,004 0,006 0,008 0,01 0,012 0,014 0,016 0,018 0,004 0,006 0,009 0,008 0,011 0,006 0,01 0,013 0,011 0,014 0,012 0,005 0,009 0,011 0,01 0,013 0,008 0,012 0,014 0,013 0,015 0,013 0,009 0,014 0,017 0,015 0,014 Shift of y Coordinate Time / h Initial Spread set to 0Final Spread within CIE PLANON based BLUs show Excellent colour stability Extremely low lamp to lamp and lot to lot colour variation over lifetime

FS-H Features Lamp:10,4”... 15,0” Input power: W Input voltage:24V DC Dimming ratio:1:5 Dimming interface:PWM, optically insulated Driving control:with microcontroller, in circuit programmable Dimensions:200 × 40 × 20 mm 3 Inverter / ECG QT PLANON 6

FS-H Features Lamp:18,1”... 24” Input power: W Input voltage:24V DC Dimming ratio:1:5 Dimming interface:PWM, optically insulated Driving control:with microcontroller, in circuit programmable Dimensions:200 × 75 × 20 mm 3 Inverter / ECG QT PLANON 8

FS-H Examples of Current PLANON ® LCD Applications APPLICATIONKEY PLANON ADVANTAGES TYP. SIZE TYP. QTY/PROJECT MARKETS CURRENTLY SERVED Point of Sales, e. g.Lifetime 15“ – 18“ ~ 10 3 Europe / North America Gas StationsTemperature Independence Brightness Passenger InformationLifetime 15“ – 18“ ~ 10 2 Europe SystemsBrightness Robustness Air / Ground TrafficBrightness 20“ – 21“ ~ 10 2 Europe ControlLifetime Touch Panels / ATM /Brightness 10“ – 18“ ~ 10 2 – 10 3 Europe / North America Order Confirmation BoardsLifetime Temperature Independence Factory AutomationLifetime 10“ – 15“ ~ 10 2 Europe Temperature Independence Brightness MedicalLifetime 18“ – 22“ ~10 2 – 10 3 Europe Maintenance Brightness Color Coordinates

FS-H SIEMENS i-SFT Point of Sales / Point of Interest Displays Stable light output even in the outdoor temperature range from –20°C to 85°C. High display brightness of up to 1200 nits. Excellent maintenance with guaranteed values of 70% initial luminance even after 5 years continuous operation.

FS-H Passenger Information Systems Passenger information systems in S-Bahn trains in Berlin, Germany High luminance (450 nits display luminance) Luminance independent of ambient temperature Long lifetime High immunity against shock and vibration

FS-H High luminance, up to 600 cd/m² at SXGA resolutions Large size backlights up to 21.3” Excellent reliability and maintenance values of 100,000 h to half brightness PLANON ® application: Air traffic control Airport Tower Frankfurt

FS-H Excellent maintenance, luminance >70% of initial value after 5 years of continuous operation Luminance independent of temperature High brightness for control panels and process monitors up to 720 cd/m 2 PLANON ® application: Factory automation

FS-H CCFL based back light, 0 hCCFL based back light, 1 yearPLANON ® based back light, 0 h Key features Display: 10,4“, VGA Luminance 350 cd/m 2 B/L power consumption: ~ 10W Lifetime (MTTH): up to 100,000 h PLANON ® application: Factory automation - example

FS-H Medical Applications Flexible design (size, color coordinates) Excellent uniformity and micro-uniformity Stability over Lifetime of Luminance and color coordinates (> h vs h with current CCFL based solutions) Extremely low lamp to lamp and lot to lot color variation over lifetime For more informations, please refer to:

FS-H Medical Applications - X-Ray Lightbox Extremely bright, “blue” white color, > cd/m² Excellent uniformity and micro-uniformity Stability over Lifetime of Luminance and color coordinates Color temperature designed for X-Ray film transmission nm x = 0,238 y = 0,248 Colortemp K

FS-H Medical Applications - X-Ray Lightbox Extremely bright, “blue” white color, > cd/m² Excellent uniformity and micro-uniformity Stability over Lifetime of Luminance and color coordinates Color temperature designed for X-Ray film transmission x

FS-H Comparison of Spectral Distribution Standard 8000K to Medical Spectrum Medical Spectrum

FS-H Fixture for Medical Application: Radiography PLANON: Medical Spectrum Fixture manufacturer: Lichttechnik, Munich (see also Features High brightness > cd/m² Dimmeable to 20% Long lifetime h MTTH Special color coordinates

FS-H 5600 K according to spectral sensitivity of Film material Color temperature nearly constant:-20°C to + 80°C,over lifetime, during Dimming Stability over Lifetime of Luminance and color coordinates Extremely soft light distribution nm Film Applications x=0,326 y=0,316 Colortemp K

FS-H Comparison of Spectral Distribution Standard 8000K - to 5600K Film Spectrum x = 0, y = 0, Colortemp K

FS-H Office - industrial luminairs PLANON 18“ canteen Siemens Zürich PLANON 15“ design study by BELUX (CH)

FS-H Summary Minimum of 19% within the next 2 years by improvment of the lamp and production process Addititional improvment of  5% can be achieved by mechanical BLU construction (not recommended for very high brightness BLUs) -Improved production process Confirmed Efficiency Gain 5 % 4 %10 % Action: - Mixture of Gases I/01 II/01 III/01 IV/01 I/02 II/02 III/02 IV/02 I/03 II/03 III/03 IV/ I/01 II/01 III/01 IV/01 I/02 II/02 III/02 IV/02 I/03 II/03 III/03 IV/03 I/01 II/01 III/01 IV/01 I/01 II/01 III/01 IV/01 I/02 II/02 III/02 IV/02 I/02 II/02 III/02 IV/02 I/03 II/03 III/03 IV/03 I/03 II/03 III/03 IV/03 - Lower light losses, Electrode structure optimization - Improvement of phosphor Successfully demonstrated, transfer into production ongoing Plans for Improvement of Efficiency Thermal Load In current applications (s.a. POS/POI, Outdoor, ATC...) thermal loading can be handled by BLU design Advantages of PLANON: low thermal resistance, no hot spots Improvement of lamp efficiency reduces thermal loading even further

FS-H Comparison PLANON 1 PLANON 2 Current PLANON Design 12mm Lightbox 1 x DR85C 1 x DF100SX, 1 x BEF PLANON Lamp Metal Plate Total Thickness: 24 mm Weight (21.3“) 2.3 kg New PLANON Design Improved thickness of system:  15 mm Improved weight of system:  1kg (21.3“) Samples available in 2003

FS-H PLANON 2 top view: pulsed dielectric barrier discharges conical spacers cross-section: Patterns of discharges- and conical spacers are leading to a regular even radiation of a diffuser: diffuser

FS-H PLANON 2 A three component assembly opens the door to mass production: shaped front-glass with integrated conical spacers plane back- plate isolation with external electrodes light

FS-H Example of 15“ PLANON 2 Sample