Estuarine Turbidity Maximum in Delaware Estuary

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Presentation transcript:

Estuarine Turbidity Maximum in Delaware Estuary Phil Duzinski 11/20/14

Overview of estuary Coastal plain estuary, partially stratified to well‐mixed salinity structure Mean salt intrusion 97 km from mouth 1.3106 mt per year dredged from ETM (2.6106 m3 ) NC BC BH Sommerfield, 2010

ETM dynamics “Sediment trap” formed by gravitational circulation where seaward barotropic fresh water river discharge interacts with landward baroclinic flow from saline marine water (Schubel, 1968) Interactions between density driven buoyancy and barotropic tidal asymmetries in flood-dominated systems (Chant & Stoner, 2001) Combination of gravitational circulation, tidal asymmetry, and tidal pumping of salt control location of ETM and sediment deposition (Sommerfield & Wong, 2011) Impacts on biogeochemical and primary productivity

Vertical mixing from tidal asymmetry in Navesink River, NJ Ebb: light water over heavy – stable Flood: heavy water over light – unstable Chant and Stoner, 2001

Estuarine Gravitational Circulation Sommerfield, 2010

Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Sommerfield, 2010

Impacts of tidal pumping on salinity and null point The limit of salt intrusion extends 10‐20 km landward of the null point and ETM core due to tidal pumping of salt Sommerfield and Wong, 2011

Variability of Sediment Influx and Turbidity Sommerfield and Wong, 2011

References Chant and Stoner, 2001: Particle trapping in a stratified flood‐dominated estuary, J. Mar. Res., 59, 29–51. Gebert, Sommerfield and Walsh, 2013: Sources, sinks and budget of fine grain sediment in Delaware Estuary, Delaware Science and Environmental Summit, Cape May, NJ Delaware Estuary Regional Sediment Management Plan, 2013: Sediment Quantity and Dynamics White Paper Schubel, 1968: Turbidity maximum of the northern Chesapeake Bay, Science, 161, 1013–1015. Sommerfield, 2010: Regional Sediment Management Workshop, John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge, Philadelphia, PA Sommerfield and Wong, 2011: Mechanisms of sediment flux and turbidity maintenance in the Delaware Estuary, J. Geophys Res, 116, C01005